South Africa: Difference between revisions
Rosie Swift (talk | contribs) (edited text, updated broken references) |
Rosie Swift (talk | contribs) (Referencing and editing text) |
||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
South African Demographic Statistics (2018)<ref>World Health Organisation.[https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CCU-18.02-South-Africa WHO, Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: South Africa]. 2018. Accessed 12 Jul 2022. </ref>: | South African Demographic Statistics (2018)<ref>World Health Organisation.[https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CCU-18.02-South-Africa WHO, Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: South Africa]. 2018. Accessed 12 Jul 2022. </ref>: | ||
* | *World bank income group: Upper-Middle | ||
*Life expectancy at birth m/f (years) | *Life expectancy at birth m/f (years) 59.3/66.2 | ||
*Probability of dying under five 2016 (per 1 000 live births) 43.3 | |||
*Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births) | *Maternal mortality ratio (per 100000 live births) 2015 138 | ||
* | *Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2014) 8.8 | ||
*Total expenditure on health | *General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure (2014) 14.23 | ||
* | |||
<br>South Africa has one of the strongest economies in the African region. Total investment in the country has been increasing at about 11%, with fixed investment as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product quoted at about 18.4%. This has resulted in an annual growth of about 4.5%. Adult literacy rate is approximately 82.5%. About 84.5% of households have access to pipe-borne water, 61.6% to waste removal services and 86.4% to modern sanitary facilities. | <br>South Africa has one of the strongest economies in the African region. Total investment in the country has been increasing at about 11%, with fixed investment as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product quoted at about 18.4%. This has resulted in an annual growth of about 4.5%. Adult literacy rate is approximately 82.5%. About 84.5% of households have access to pipe-borne water, 61.6% to waste removal services and 86.4% to modern sanitary facilities. | ||
| Line 94: | Line 93: | ||
== Health & Development == | == Health & Development == | ||
The average life expectancy at birth | The average life expectancy at birth is 62.9 years in 2015; this a dramatic increase since 2005 when it was 62.9, largely due to the introduction of antiretrovirals for HIV. The main causes of death are tuberculosis, influenza and pneumonia, and HIV. South Africa faces a quadruple burden of disease resulting from communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and TB; maternal and child mortality; NCDs such as hypertension and cardiov ascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, mental illnesses and chronic lung diseases; as well as injury and trauma. Human resources for health is fairly available but shortages still exist. The distribution favors urban areas.<br> | ||
[[Image:South-africa1.jpg|247x215px|South-africa1.jpg]] | [[Image:South-africa1.jpg|247x215px|South-africa1.jpg]] | ||
| Line 102: | Line 101: | ||
== Social/Cultural Influences == | == Social/Cultural Influences == | ||
South Africa has diverse cultures. The primary race is Black African which is 80% of the population but regional differences cause this large demographic block to behave as fractured units. There are twelve major languages; the most common language is | South Africa has diverse cultures. The primary race is Black African which is 80% of the population but regional differences cause this large demographic block to behave as fractured units. There are twelve major languages; the most common language is IsiZulu that is spoken by less than one fourth of the people<ref name="p4" />. The official language, English is spoken by less than ten percent of the population. There are many religions found throughout the country. Slightly more than half the people live in urban areas. Several positive demographic trends are shifts toward urbanization, high levels of education/literacy, and improved socioeconomic standing of most citizens. | ||
=== Ethnic groups in South Africa === | === Ethnic groups in South Africa === | ||
Prior to 1991, South African law divided the population into four major racial categories: Africans (black), whites, coloreds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. Black Africans comprise about 80% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise just over 9% of the population. They are primarily descendants of Dutch, French, English, and German settlers. Coloreds are mixed-race people primarily descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. They comprise about 9% of the total population. Asians are descended from Indian workers brought to South Africa in the mid-19th century to work on the sugar estates in Natal. They constitute about 2.7% of the population.<ref name="p4"> | Prior to 1991, South African law divided the population into four major racial categories: Africans (black), whites, coloreds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. Black Africans comprise about 80% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise just over 9% of the population. They are primarily descendants of Dutch, French, English, and German settlers. Coloreds are mixed-race people primarily descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. They comprise about 9% of the total population. Asians are descended from Indian workers brought to South Africa in the mid-19th century to work on the sugar estates in Natal. They constitute about 2.7% of the population.<ref name="p4">CIA.gov [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa/#people-and-society World Facebook: South Africa People and Society]. Accessed 12 July 2022. | ||
</ref> | |||
=== Language in South Africa === | === Language in South Africa === | ||
South Africa has 11 official languages, and scores of unofficial ones besides. English is generally understood across the country, being the language of business, politics and the media, but it only ranks fifth out of 11 as a home language.<ref name=" | South Africa has 11 official languages, and scores of unofficial ones besides. English is generally understood across the country, being the language of business, politics and the media, but it only ranks fifth out of 11 as a home language.<ref name="p4" /> | ||
==== Other Aspects of Culture: ==== | ==== Other Aspects of Culture: ==== | ||
'''Religion''': South Africa has a diverse religious profile. Zion Christians | '''Religion''': South Africa has a diverse religious profile. Estimates from 2015 include: Christian 86% (including Zion Christians, Pentecostal, Catholic, Methodist, Dutch Reform, Anglican), ancestral, tribal, animist, or other traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2%.<ref name="p4" /><br>On other demographic issues, we see that a full 61 percent of people live in cities and that proportion is growing by about 1.4 percent per year. About 86 percent of the population over age 15 can read and write, and people go to school on average for about 13 years of primary to tertiary education. This combination of factors suggest that, while the country has been severely affected by HIV/AIDS, it is in a good position to take advantage of improving educational outcomes, a strengthening political process, and a natural trend toward urbanization to improve socio-economic outcomes for its citizens.<ref name="p4" /> | ||
[[Image:Patient.jpg|181x121px|Patient.jpg]] | [[Image:Patient.jpg|181x121px|Patient.jpg]] | ||
| Line 121: | Line 122: | ||
== Delivery of Care == | == Delivery of Care == | ||
South Africa’s two-tiered health system consists of a large public sector and a small but fast-growing private sector. These systems rely heavily on the country’s human resources and infrastructure. There are some human resources but shortages still exist. Similarly, current distribution infrastructure favors urban areas with greater variability in rural health access. The following table | South Africa’s two-tiered health system consists of a large public sector and a small but fast-growing private sector. These systems rely heavily on the country’s human resources and infrastructure. There are some human resources but shortages still exist. Similarly, the current distribution of infrastructure favors urban areas with greater variability found in rural health access. | ||
The following table summarizes the principal accomplishments and shortcomings of the past 15 years<ref name="p7">Harrison, David (2009) An Overview of Health and Health care in South Africa 1994 – 2010: Priorities, Progress and Prospects for New Gains. A Discussion Document Commissioned by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Accessed 12 Jul 2022. </ref> | |||
=== Accomplishments === | ===== Accomplishments ===== | ||
Legislation and gazetted policy: | Legislation and gazetted policy: | ||
#Free primary health care | #Free primary health care | ||
| Line 131: | Line 134: | ||
#Community service for graduating health professionals | #Community service for graduating health professionals | ||
Better health systems management: | ===== Better health systems management: ===== | ||
#Greater parity in district expenditure | #Greater parity in district expenditure | ||
#Clinic expansion and improvement | #Clinic expansion and improvement | ||
| Line 138: | Line 141: | ||
#Improved malaria control Insufficient prevention and control of epidemics | #Improved malaria control Insufficient prevention and control of epidemics | ||
=== Shortcomings === | ===== Shortcomings ===== | ||
#Limited effort to curtail HIV/AIDS | #Limited effort to curtail HIV/AIDS | ||
#Emergence of MDR/TB and XDR/TB | #Emergence of MDR/TB and XDR/TB | ||
| Line 158: | Line 161: | ||
== Type of Health System == | == Type of Health System == | ||
South Africa's health system consists of a large public sector and a smaller but fast-growing private sector. Health care varies from the most basic primary health care, offered free by the state, to highly specialized hi-tech health services available in the private sector for those who can afford it.<ref name="p8">South | South Africa's health system consists of a large public sector and a smaller but fast-growing private sector. Health care varies from the most basic primary health care, offered free by the state, to highly specialized hi-tech health services available in the private sector for those who can afford it.<ref name="p8">South African Government. [https://www.gov.za/about-sa/health#Life%20Expectancy Health.] [online] accessed 12 Jul 2022. </ref><br>Although the state contributes about 40% of all expenditure on health, the public health sector is under pressure to deliver services to about 80% of the population. Most health professionals, except nurses, work in private hospitals. With the public sector's shift in emphasis from acute to primary health care in recent years, private hospitals have begun to take over many tertiary and specialist health services.<ref name="p8" /><br>Despite this, most resources are concentrated in the private health sector, which sees to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. The number of private hospitals and clinics continues to grow. Four years ago there were 161 private hospitals, with 142 of these in urban areas. Now there are 200. The mining industry also provides its own hospitals, and has 60 hospitals and clinics around the country.<ref name="p8" /><br>Drug expenditure per person varies widely between the sectors. In 2000 about R8.25-billion was spent on drugs in South Africa, with the state spending only 24% of this. Thus, R59.36 was spent on drugs per person in the state sector as opposed to R800.29 on drugs per person in the private sector. Of all the country's pharmacists, 40% work in Gauteng in the private sector.<ref name="p8" /><br> | ||
== Payment System == | == Payment System == | ||
Public health consumes around 11% of the government's total budget, which is allocated and spent by the nine provinces. These resources are allocated, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from province to province. With less resources and more poor people, cash-strapped provinces like the Eastern Cape face greater health challenges than wealthier provinces like Gauteng and the Western Cape. Physiotherapists typically serve a year in the public sector after graduation. They are registered with the National Department of Health and are paid a set salary by the government. They are not allowed to work in the private sector while serving in the public sector. The public sector is under-resourced and over-used.<ref name=" | Public health consumes around 11% of the government's total budget, which is allocated and spent by the nine provinces. These resources are allocated, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from province to province. With less resources and more poor people, cash-strapped provinces like the Eastern Cape face greater health challenges than wealthier provinces like Gauteng and the Western Cape. Physiotherapists typically serve a year in the public sector after graduation. They are registered with the National Department of Health and are paid a set salary by the government. They are not allowed to work in the private sector while serving in the public sector. The public sector is under-resourced and over-used.<ref name="Comm serve" /><br>The expanding private sector caters to middle- and high-income earners (18% of the population), and to foreigners looking for top-quality surgical procedures at relatively affordable prices. Most of the private sector patients have private health insurance to pay for treatment. The private sector attracts most of the country's health professionals. Physiotherapists can work as corporate employees. They are salaried employees of institutions where both the therapist and institution are registered with the HPCSA. Therapists can also receive payment in the private sector as prearranged commission/ fees as long as all involved follow the rules of ethics and are registered with the HPCSA.<ref name="p2" /> | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Revision as of 06:49, 12 July 2022
Original Editor - Mayra Escbach
Top Contributors - Mayra Eschbach, Didzis Rozenbergs, Tarina van der Stockt, Admin, Rosie Swift, Elaine Lonnemann, Fasuba Ayobami, 127.0.0.1, Evan Thomas and WikiSysop
Cape of Good Hope, Capetown , South Africa (Source: Piccaya l Dreamstime.com)
Patient Access to Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy Services / Entry Point[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapists in South Africa have first line practitioner status. By definition, a first line practitioner is a practitioner capable of making a diagnosis and being able to treat. The practitioner must refer if the problem is outside of his/her scope of practice.[1]
Physiotherapists were first recognized as first line practitioners by the former regulating body, the South African Medical and Dental Council (SAMDC), as outlined in the 1985 Scope of Practice Document. The current regulating body of physiotherapists, the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), further verified the first line practitioner status of physiotherapists in 1997.[1]
According to the HPCSA, the Physiotherapist assesses, treats and manages patients in a wide variety fields including orthopedics, neurology, respiratory, cardio-vascular, obstetrics, sports medicine, pediatrics, geriatrics, intensive care units and general rehabilitation. Other medical fields and community care also fall within the scope of physiotherapy.[2]
As first line practitioners, physiotherapists also practice and work in association with the patients’ medical team and may refer patients for X-rays, refer to a specialist, write and issue sick notes and administer prescribed medicine.[1]
Source: Viasta Sainikova l Dreamstime.com
Therapist Preparation[edit | edit source]
In South Africa, the degree (B.PhysT, B.Sc Physio or B.Physio) consists of four years of general practice training, involving all aspects of Physiotherapy. Typically, the first year is made up of theoretical introduction. Gradually, time spent in supervised practice increases until the fourth year, in which the student generally spends about 80% in practice.[3] In order to obtain an Honours degree, students are also expected to complete Physiotherapy research projects in the fourth year.
A compulsory year of community service is completed by the student after graduation. Community service can only be done in the public sector and placement is done by the National Department of Health Community service.[4] There are several institutions around the country that offer recognized courses in Physiotherapy. Details on requirements for acceptance can be found on their websites.
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- University of Cape Town
- University of the Free State
- University of Pretoria
- University of the Western Cape
- University of Stellenbosch
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Sefako Makgatho Health Science University (SMU)
Degree/Credentialing[edit | edit source]
Regulating body: The Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA or the Council) is the statutory body regulating Physiotherapists, established in terms of the Health Professions Act No. 56. The HPCSA serves to protect the public and provide guidance to registered healthcare practitioners. They regulate the health professions in the Republic of South Africa in registration, education, training, professional conduct and ethical behavior. They ensure continuing professional development, and compliance with healthcare standards.
There are several Professional Boards that are coordinating bodies for all the healthcare practitioners registered with HPCSA. The respective boards that are established for a specific profession, deal with any matters relating to a specific profession. These boards consist of members appointed by the Minister of Health, educational institutions, and nominated members. The board governing Physiotherapy practice is the Professional Board for Physiotherapy, Podiatry, and Biokinetics.
Registration: Registration with the HPCSA is a pre-requisite for professional practice. Registration categories and criteria include the following:
Physiotherapy Registration of Student–Physiotherapists (PT-S)
- First registration as a Student: Form 53, Certified copy of ID document or passport with a clear photograph, Registration fee
- Re-registration after interruption of studies for one year or more: Original certificate of registration as student, Certificate of resumption of study issued by University, Registration fee
- Re-registration after interruption of studies for less than one year: Form 41, Certificate of resumption of study issued by University.
Registration of Physiotherapists (PT)
- SA Qualifications (Community Service): Form 23 (Community Service), Certified copy of ID document or passport with a clear photograph, Registration fee, A copy of registration certificate with the Health Professions Council of South Africa, and Registration in the category - Public Service or Community Service.
- Independent Practice: Form 23, and Copy of letter from institution confirming completion of 12 months Community Service
- Foreign Qualifications: All foreign qualified Physiotherapists are required to sit for an examination concluded by the Board, twice per year, Form 49 PT, Form 146, Form 176 DOH, Certificate of Status, issued by foreign registration authority, Original certificate of Qualifications or copy thereof certified by Notary Public, Certified copy of ID document or passport with a clear photograph.
Required Continuing Education:
Every health care professional registered with the HPCSA is required to accumulate 30 Continuing Education Units ("CEUs") per twelve-month period of which at least five CEU's should have been on human rights, ethics and medical law, within every year. Each CEU is valid for 24 months from the date that the activity took place (or ended, in the event of post-graduate studies) after which it would lapse. This means that practitioners should aim to accumulate a balance of 60 CEUs by the end of their second year of practice, and thereafter top-up the balance through additional CPD as each 24 - month validity period expires.[5]
Special Interest Groups[edit | edit source]
Special Interest Groups under South African Society of Physiotherapy (SASP):[6]
- Acupuncture In Physiotherapy Group
- Animal Physiotherapy Group of South Africa
- Aquatic Physiotherapy Group
- Cardio-Pulmonary Rehabilitation Physiotherapy Group
- Neurological Rehabilitation Physiotherapy Group
- Occupational Health Physiotherapy Group
- Orthopaedic Manipulative Physiotherapy Group
- Paediatric Physiotherapy Group
- Pain Management Physiotherapy Group
- Sports Physiotherapy Group
- Womens Health Physiotherapy Group
Professional Associations[edit | edit source]
The South African Society of Physiotherapy (SASP) is the official representative professional body of physiotherapists in South Africa and a member organisation of World Physiotherapy, which in turn is a part of the World Health Organisation (WHO). The SASP serves to represent the profession through its members and plays a pro-active role in the formulation and implementation of health care policy in South Africa. The SASP has portfolios representing the Provincial Branches and Special Interest groups, the Public sector and the Private Sector, Communication and Marketing, and the Professional Development Committee (which represents the physiotherapy lecturers and students).[6]
Orthopaedic Manipulative Physiotherapy Group (OMPTG) : The OMPTG is a special interest group of the SASP and was established in 1974. The South African OMPTG is affiliated with the International Federation of Manipulative Physiotherapists (IFOMPT), which is a non-government federation representing international collaboration in Manipulative Therapy. IFOMPT is a recognized sub-group of World Physiotherapy.
World Physiotherapy is the international voice for physical therapy, representing more than 300,000 physical therapists worldwide through its 101 organizations. The South African Society of Physiotherapy has been a member of the World Physiotherapy since 1951, and accounts for 3,689 of its members in 2016.[7]
Source:Stephen Finn l Dreamtime.com
Information about the Patient Community[edit | edit source]
Total population: 61 million (2022)[8]
South African Demographic Statistics (2018)[9]:
- World bank income group: Upper-Middle
- Life expectancy at birth m/f (years) 59.3/66.2
- Probability of dying under five 2016 (per 1 000 live births) 43.3
- Maternal mortality ratio (per 100000 live births) 2015 138
- Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2014) 8.8
- General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure (2014) 14.23
South Africa has one of the strongest economies in the African region. Total investment in the country has been increasing at about 11%, with fixed investment as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product quoted at about 18.4%. This has resulted in an annual growth of about 4.5%. Adult literacy rate is approximately 82.5%. About 84.5% of households have access to pipe-borne water, 61.6% to waste removal services and 86.4% to modern sanitary facilities.
Health & Development[edit | edit source]
The average life expectancy at birth is 62.9 years in 2015; this a dramatic increase since 2005 when it was 62.9, largely due to the introduction of antiretrovirals for HIV. The main causes of death are tuberculosis, influenza and pneumonia, and HIV. South Africa faces a quadruple burden of disease resulting from communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and TB; maternal and child mortality; NCDs such as hypertension and cardiov ascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, mental illnesses and chronic lung diseases; as well as injury and trauma. Human resources for health is fairly available but shortages still exist. The distribution favors urban areas.
Source: Madartists l Dreamtime.com
Social/Cultural Influences[edit | edit source]
South Africa has diverse cultures. The primary race is Black African which is 80% of the population but regional differences cause this large demographic block to behave as fractured units. There are twelve major languages; the most common language is IsiZulu that is spoken by less than one fourth of the people[10]. The official language, English is spoken by less than ten percent of the population. There are many religions found throughout the country. Slightly more than half the people live in urban areas. Several positive demographic trends are shifts toward urbanization, high levels of education/literacy, and improved socioeconomic standing of most citizens.
Ethnic groups in South Africa[edit | edit source]
Prior to 1991, South African law divided the population into four major racial categories: Africans (black), whites, coloreds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. Black Africans comprise about 80% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise just over 9% of the population. They are primarily descendants of Dutch, French, English, and German settlers. Coloreds are mixed-race people primarily descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. They comprise about 9% of the total population. Asians are descended from Indian workers brought to South Africa in the mid-19th century to work on the sugar estates in Natal. They constitute about 2.7% of the population.[10]
Language in South Africa[edit | edit source]
South Africa has 11 official languages, and scores of unofficial ones besides. English is generally understood across the country, being the language of business, politics and the media, but it only ranks fifth out of 11 as a home language.[10]
Other Aspects of Culture:[edit | edit source]
Religion: South Africa has a diverse religious profile. Estimates from 2015 include: Christian 86% (including Zion Christians, Pentecostal, Catholic, Methodist, Dutch Reform, Anglican), ancestral, tribal, animist, or other traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2%.[10]
On other demographic issues, we see that a full 61 percent of people live in cities and that proportion is growing by about 1.4 percent per year. About 86 percent of the population over age 15 can read and write, and people go to school on average for about 13 years of primary to tertiary education. This combination of factors suggest that, while the country has been severely affected by HIV/AIDS, it is in a good position to take advantage of improving educational outcomes, a strengthening political process, and a natural trend toward urbanization to improve socio-economic outcomes for its citizens.[10]
Source: Fahrner78 l Dreamtime.com
Delivery of Care[edit | edit source]
South Africa’s two-tiered health system consists of a large public sector and a small but fast-growing private sector. These systems rely heavily on the country’s human resources and infrastructure. There are some human resources but shortages still exist. Similarly, the current distribution of infrastructure favors urban areas with greater variability found in rural health access.
The following table summarizes the principal accomplishments and shortcomings of the past 15 years[11]
Accomplishments[edit | edit source]
Legislation and gazetted policy:
- Free primary health care
- Essential drugs program
- Choice on termination of pregnancy
- Anti‐tobacco legislation
- Community service for graduating health professionals
Better health systems management:[edit | edit source]
- Greater parity in district expenditure
- Clinic expansion and improvement
- Hospital revitalization program
- Improved immunization program
- Improved malaria control Insufficient prevention and control of epidemics
Shortcomings[edit | edit source]
- Limited effort to curtail HIV/AIDS
- Emergence of MDR/TB and XDR/TB
- Lack of attention to the epidemic of alcohol abuse
- Persistently skewed allocation of resources between public & private sectors
- Inequitable spending patterns compared to health needs
- Insufficient health professionals in public sector
- Weaknesses in health systems management
- Poor quality of care in key program
- Operational inefficiencies
- Insufficient delegation of authority
- Persistently low health worker morale
- Insufficient leadership and innovation[11]
Source: Karelgallas l Dreamtime.com
Type of Health System[edit | edit source]
South Africa's health system consists of a large public sector and a smaller but fast-growing private sector. Health care varies from the most basic primary health care, offered free by the state, to highly specialized hi-tech health services available in the private sector for those who can afford it.[12]
Although the state contributes about 40% of all expenditure on health, the public health sector is under pressure to deliver services to about 80% of the population. Most health professionals, except nurses, work in private hospitals. With the public sector's shift in emphasis from acute to primary health care in recent years, private hospitals have begun to take over many tertiary and specialist health services.[12]
Despite this, most resources are concentrated in the private health sector, which sees to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. The number of private hospitals and clinics continues to grow. Four years ago there were 161 private hospitals, with 142 of these in urban areas. Now there are 200. The mining industry also provides its own hospitals, and has 60 hospitals and clinics around the country.[12]
Drug expenditure per person varies widely between the sectors. In 2000 about R8.25-billion was spent on drugs in South Africa, with the state spending only 24% of this. Thus, R59.36 was spent on drugs per person in the state sector as opposed to R800.29 on drugs per person in the private sector. Of all the country's pharmacists, 40% work in Gauteng in the private sector.[12]
Payment System[edit | edit source]
Public health consumes around 11% of the government's total budget, which is allocated and spent by the nine provinces. These resources are allocated, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from province to province. With less resources and more poor people, cash-strapped provinces like the Eastern Cape face greater health challenges than wealthier provinces like Gauteng and the Western Cape. Physiotherapists typically serve a year in the public sector after graduation. They are registered with the National Department of Health and are paid a set salary by the government. They are not allowed to work in the private sector while serving in the public sector. The public sector is under-resourced and over-used.[4]
The expanding private sector caters to middle- and high-income earners (18% of the population), and to foreigners looking for top-quality surgical procedures at relatively affordable prices. Most of the private sector patients have private health insurance to pay for treatment. The private sector attracts most of the country's health professionals. Physiotherapists can work as corporate employees. They are salaried employees of institutions where both the therapist and institution are registered with the HPCSA. Therapists can also receive payment in the private sector as prearranged commission/ fees as long as all involved follow the rules of ethics and are registered with the HPCSA.[2]
Resources[edit | edit source]
World Physiotherapy Country Profile for South Africa
HPCSA guidelines on Professional Conduct & Ethics
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Diener, I. Editorial: The First Line Practitioner Status of South African Physiotherapists. SA J OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2010 VOL 66 NO 1 (accessed 10 Jul 2022)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 HPCSA. Regulations defining the scope of the profession of physiotherapy. Online. (accessed 10 Jul 2022)
- ↑ https://www.up.ac.za/physiotherapy/article/45449/undergraduate
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 South African Government. Health on Community Service by Health Professionals. Accessed 12 Jul 2022
- ↑ HPCSA. Professional Boards. http://www.hpcsa.co.za/PBPhysiotherapy (accessed 22 Feb 2016)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 South African Society of Physiotherapy. https://www.saphysio.co.za (accessed 22 Feb 2016)
- ↑ WCPT. Member organisations. South African Society of Physiotherapy. http://www.wcpt.org/node/24611 (accessed 22 Feb 2016)
- ↑ South Africa Population 2022 (Live). World Population Review. Accessed 12 Jul 2022.
- ↑ World Health Organisation.WHO, Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: South Africa. 2018. Accessed 12 Jul 2022.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 CIA.gov World Facebook: South Africa People and Society. Accessed 12 July 2022.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Harrison, David (2009) An Overview of Health and Health care in South Africa 1994 – 2010: Priorities, Progress and Prospects for New Gains. A Discussion Document Commissioned by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Accessed 12 Jul 2022.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 South African Government. Health. [online] accessed 12 Jul 2022.
