Self Care Assistive Technology: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Timely access to assistive technology for people with disability, advanced age individuals, and people with health conditions allows them to maintain and improve function, health, and | Timely access to assistive technology for people with disability, advanced-age individuals, and people with health conditions allows them to maintain and improve function, health, and well-being. It facilitates active participation in school, work, and during social activities.<ref>Zhang W, Eide AH, Pryor W, Khasnabis C, Borg J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706997/pdf/ijerph-18-13336.pdf Measuring Self-Reported Access to Assistive Technology Using the WHO Rapid Assistive Technology Assessment (rATA) Questionnaire: Protocol for a Multi-Country Study.] Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 17;18(24):13336.</ref>To reduce barriers to accessing assistive technology, healthcare providers should have knowledge of product availability and their safe and effective use in daily life. This article discusses assistive technology that may be beneficial to use in self-care. | ||
== Self Care == | == Self Care == | ||
<blockquote>Self-care is "the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote, maintain health, prevent disease and to cope with illness." <ref>Self-care interventions for health. WHO 2024. Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/self-care#tab=tab_1 [last access 17.02.2024]</ref> --WHO</blockquote>Traditional occupational therapy perspective on self-care include:<ref>Laposha I, Smallfield S. [https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=cahp_ot_articles Self-Care: An Occupational Therapy Student Perspective]. Journal Articles: Occupational Therapy 2022;6.</ref> | <blockquote>Self-care is "the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote, maintain health, prevent disease and to cope with illness." <ref>Self-care interventions for health. WHO 2024. Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/self-care#tab=tab_1 [last access 17.02.2024]</ref> --WHO</blockquote>Traditional occupational therapy perspective on self-care include:<ref>Laposha I, Smallfield S. [https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=cahp_ot_articles Self-Care: An Occupational Therapy Student Perspective]. Journal Articles: Occupational Therapy 2022;6.</ref> | ||
* An individual's ability to complete activities of daily living (ADL) | * An individual's ability to complete activities of daily living (ADL) or personal activities such as ''eating, grooming, and bathing''. | ||
* ''Functional mobility'' | * ''Functional mobility'' includes moving safely in various environments. | ||
* Community management involving ''grocery shopping, driving, taking public transportation, managing finances.'' | * Community management involving ''grocery shopping, driving, taking public transportation, managing finances.'' | ||
=== Self Care Activities in the ICF === | === Self-Care Activities in the ICF === | ||
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standard language to define and measure self-care activities. They include washing oneself, | The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standard language to define and measure self-care activities. They include washing oneself, caring for body parts, toileting, dressing, eating, drinking and looking after one's health. <ref>Abrilahij A, Boll T, Ferring D, Valsiner J. A systematic review of self-care assistive technologies for aging population. Cultures of care in aging. 2018 Jun 1:273-313.</ref> | ||
ICF clinical practice | ICF clinical practice tools can help to identify problems from the clinician and patient perspective and provide the basis for planning an intervention. An example of such a tool is The Rehabilitation Problem-Solving Form (RPS-Form). It facilitates the assessment of a patient by various health professionals and allows them to address all components of self-care activities, including environmental and personal factors. The RPS-Form enhances the patient's participation in the decision-making process of rehabilitation. | ||
You can learn more about ICF application in clinical practice from [[ICF and Application in Clinical Practice|this]] article. | You can learn more about ICF application in clinical practice from [[ICF and Application in Clinical Practice|this]] article. | ||
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=== Assistive Technology and Functional Independence === | === Assistive Technology and Functional Independence === | ||
Assistive technology can improve daily functioning of an individual. However the literature has found high rates of non-use of assistive products.<ref name=":0">Steel DM, Gray MA. Baby boomers' use and perception of recommended assistive technology: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2009 May;4(3):129-36.</ref> Up to 82% of prescribed equipment is used by older adults | Assistive technology can improve the daily functioning of an individual. However, the literature has found high rates of non-use of assistive products.<ref name=":0">Steel DM, Gray MA. Baby boomers' use and perception of recommended assistive technology: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2009 May;4(3):129-36.</ref> Up to 82% of prescribed equipment is used by older adults but decreases over time. Assistive technology products are abandoned or non-used because generic products may not be adaptable to individual needs and fail to meet individuals' changing conditions. <ref>Pousada García T, Garabal-Barbeira J, Porto Trillo P, Vilar Figueira O, Novo Díaz C, Pereira Loureiro J. [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/6/3039 A framework for a new approach to empower users through low-cost and do-it-yourself assistive technology.] International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;18(6):3039.</ref> | ||
The following factors can influence the '''rates of use' | The following factors can influence the '''rates of use' of prescribed assistive technologies:<ref>Kraskowsky LH, Finlayson M. Factors affecting older adults' use of adaptive equipment: review of the literature. Am J Occup Ther. 2001 May-Jun;55(3):303-10. </ref> | ||
* equipment suitability (good fit) | * equipment suitability (good fit) | ||
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* personal resources | * personal resources | ||
To help | To help promote the use of this equipment, healthcare professionals should:<ref name=":0" /> | ||
* | * Complete a systematic assessment of technology needs | ||
* | * Offer individualised advice about the services of provision of assistive products | ||
* | * Train on the appropriate use of the devices | ||
* | * Be aware of grants and leasing systems to facilitate access to assistive products | ||
* | * Perform periodic assessments of the assistive product needs indicated by changes in the person's functional abilities | ||
=== Assistive Technology Assessment Tools === | === Assistive Technology Assessment Tools === | ||
The outcome measure for assistive technology has not been well established, but literature suggests the following domains:<ref>Lenker JA, Paquet VL. A review of conceptual models for assistive technology outcomes research and practice. Assist Technol. 2003 Summer;15(1):1-15. </ref> | The outcome measure for assistive technology has not been well established, but the literature suggests the following domains:<ref>Lenker JA, Paquet VL. A review of conceptual models for assistive technology outcomes research and practice. Assist Technol. 2003 Summer;15(1):1-15. </ref> | ||
* device usage | * device usage | ||
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* social role performance impact | * social role performance impact | ||
The following assessment tools were | The following assessment tools were useful in measuring the above outcomes:<ref>Arthanat S, Lenker JA. Evaluating the ICF as a framework for clinical assessment of persons for assistive technology device recommendation. Focus on Disability: Trends in Research and Application. 2008:31-8.</ref> | ||
* [https://www.sralab.org/rehabilitation-measures/canadian-occupational-performance-measure Canadian Occupational Performance Measure] | * [https://www.sralab.org/rehabilitation-measures/canadian-occupational-performance-measure Canadian Occupational Performance Measure] | ||
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== Dressing and Assistive Technology == | == Dressing and Assistive Technology == | ||
The most common assistive technologies that facilitate dressing and undressing, assisting in manipulating clothing and fasteners include the following: dressing stick, sock aid, button hook, zipper pull, shoehorn, and shoe fasteners:<ref name=":1" /> | The most common assistive technologies that facilitate dressing and undressing, assisting in manipulating clothing and fasteners, include the following: dressing stick, sock aid, button hook, zipper pull, shoehorn, and shoe fasteners:<ref name=":1" /> | ||
* '''Dressing stick:''' reduces the need for excessive stretching or bending, promotes comfort, minimises strain, and assists with dressing when shoulder mobility is limited | * '''Dressing stick:''' reduces the need for excessive stretching or bending, promotes comfort, minimises strain, and assists with dressing when shoulder mobility is limited | ||
* '''Sock aid:''' assists when mobility or flexibility is impaired. It becomes especially helpful for individuals with back problems | * '''Sock aid:''' assists when mobility or flexibility is impaired. It becomes especially helpful for individuals with back problems or those recovering from hip or knee surgeries | ||
* '''Button hook:''' helps in conditions that affect | * '''Button hook:''' helps in conditions that affect fine motor dexterity and assists individuals having difficulties with handling small items between their fingertips | ||
* '''Zipper pull:''' recommended for people with decreased fine motor, strength and sensation in the hands | * '''Zipper pull:''' recommended for people with decreased fine motor, strength and sensation in the hands | ||
== Feeding and Assistive Technology == | == Feeding and Assistive Technology == | ||
AT for feeding | AT for feeding includes specialised cups, bowls, plates, and various utensils to accommodate the need for successful eating:<ref name=":1" /> | ||
* '''Scooper plate and bowl:''' assist people with limited muscle control and help individuals who have the use of only one hand | * ''' Scooper plate and bowl:''' assist people with limited muscle control and help individuals who have the use of only one hand | ||
* '''Flexi nosey cup:''' designed for individuals who have difficulty | * '''Flexi nosey cup:''' designed for individuals who have difficulty tilting their head back or have limited neck movement. | ||
* '''Recessed lid cup''' | * '''Recessed lid cup''' | ||
Revision as of 02:55, 19 February 2024
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Timely access to assistive technology for people with disability, advanced-age individuals, and people with health conditions allows them to maintain and improve function, health, and well-being. It facilitates active participation in school, work, and during social activities.[1]To reduce barriers to accessing assistive technology, healthcare providers should have knowledge of product availability and their safe and effective use in daily life. This article discusses assistive technology that may be beneficial to use in self-care.
Self Care[edit | edit source]
Self-care is "the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote, maintain health, prevent disease and to cope with illness." [2] --WHO
Traditional occupational therapy perspective on self-care include:[3]
- An individual's ability to complete activities of daily living (ADL) or personal activities such as eating, grooming, and bathing.
- Functional mobility includes moving safely in various environments.
- Community management involving grocery shopping, driving, taking public transportation, managing finances.
Self-Care Activities in the ICF[edit | edit source]
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standard language to define and measure self-care activities. They include washing oneself, caring for body parts, toileting, dressing, eating, drinking and looking after one's health. [4]
ICF clinical practice tools can help to identify problems from the clinician and patient perspective and provide the basis for planning an intervention. An example of such a tool is The Rehabilitation Problem-Solving Form (RPS-Form). It facilitates the assessment of a patient by various health professionals and allows them to address all components of self-care activities, including environmental and personal factors. The RPS-Form enhances the patient's participation in the decision-making process of rehabilitation.
You can learn more about ICF application in clinical practice from this article.
Assistive Technology (AT)[edit | edit source]
"Assistive technology is an umbrella term for assistive products and their related systems and services."[5]--WHO
"Assistive technology is any item, piece of equipment, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capability in performing everyday tasks and activities."[6]-- Ana Gugrenidze
Examples of self-care assistive technologies include the following:
- Bathing, grooming and toileting aids
- Dressing aids
- Meal preparation and feeding aids
Assistive Technology and Functional Independence[edit | edit source]
Assistive technology can improve the daily functioning of an individual. However, the literature has found high rates of non-use of assistive products.[7] Up to 82% of prescribed equipment is used by older adults but decreases over time. Assistive technology products are abandoned or non-used because generic products may not be adaptable to individual needs and fail to meet individuals' changing conditions. [8]
The following factors can influence the rates of use' of prescribed assistive technologies:[9]
- equipment suitability (good fit)
- adequate training
- pre-prescription home visits
- personal factors such as age, sex and various health conditions[10]
- personal resources
To help promote the use of this equipment, healthcare professionals should:[7]
- Complete a systematic assessment of technology needs
- Offer individualised advice about the services of provision of assistive products
- Train on the appropriate use of the devices
- Be aware of grants and leasing systems to facilitate access to assistive products
- Perform periodic assessments of the assistive product needs indicated by changes in the person's functional abilities
Assistive Technology Assessment Tools[edit | edit source]
The outcome measure for assistive technology has not been well established, but the literature suggests the following domains:[11]
- device usage
- device effectiveness
- device efficiency
- user satisfaction
- quality of life impact
- social role performance impact
The following assessment tools were useful in measuring the above outcomes:[12]
- Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
- The Individually Prioritised Problem Assessment (IPPA)
- The Matching Person Technology (MPT)
- Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology[13]
- Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Technology Scale[13]
Dressing and Assistive Technology[edit | edit source]
The most common assistive technologies that facilitate dressing and undressing, assisting in manipulating clothing and fasteners, include the following: dressing stick, sock aid, button hook, zipper pull, shoehorn, and shoe fasteners:[6]
- Dressing stick: reduces the need for excessive stretching or bending, promotes comfort, minimises strain, and assists with dressing when shoulder mobility is limited
- Sock aid: assists when mobility or flexibility is impaired. It becomes especially helpful for individuals with back problems or those recovering from hip or knee surgeries
- Button hook: helps in conditions that affect fine motor dexterity and assists individuals having difficulties with handling small items between their fingertips
- Zipper pull: recommended for people with decreased fine motor, strength and sensation in the hands
Feeding and Assistive Technology[edit | edit source]
AT for feeding includes specialised cups, bowls, plates, and various utensils to accommodate the need for successful eating:[6]
- Scooper plate and bowl: assist people with limited muscle control and help individuals who have the use of only one hand
- Flexi nosey cup: designed for individuals who have difficulty tilting their head back or have limited neck movement.
- Recessed lid cup
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Zhang W, Eide AH, Pryor W, Khasnabis C, Borg J. Measuring Self-Reported Access to Assistive Technology Using the WHO Rapid Assistive Technology Assessment (rATA) Questionnaire: Protocol for a Multi-Country Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 17;18(24):13336.
- ↑ Self-care interventions for health. WHO 2024. Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/self-care#tab=tab_1 [last access 17.02.2024]
- ↑ Laposha I, Smallfield S. Self-Care: An Occupational Therapy Student Perspective. Journal Articles: Occupational Therapy 2022;6.
- ↑ Abrilahij A, Boll T, Ferring D, Valsiner J. A systematic review of self-care assistive technologies for aging population. Cultures of care in aging. 2018 Jun 1:273-313.
- ↑ Assistive technology. WHO. Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/assistive-technology [last access 17.01.2024]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Gugrenidze A. Self-care assistive technology. Plus Course 2024
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Steel DM, Gray MA. Baby boomers' use and perception of recommended assistive technology: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2009 May;4(3):129-36.
- ↑ Pousada García T, Garabal-Barbeira J, Porto Trillo P, Vilar Figueira O, Novo Díaz C, Pereira Loureiro J. A framework for a new approach to empower users through low-cost and do-it-yourself assistive technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;18(6):3039.
- ↑ Kraskowsky LH, Finlayson M. Factors affecting older adults' use of adaptive equipment: review of the literature. Am J Occup Ther. 2001 May-Jun;55(3):303-10.
- ↑ De-Rosende-Celeiro I, Torres G, Seoane-Bouzas M, Ávila A. Exploring the use of assistive products to promote functional independence in self-care activities in the bathroom. Plos one. 2019 Apr 8;14(4):e0215002.
- ↑ Lenker JA, Paquet VL. A review of conceptual models for assistive technology outcomes research and practice. Assist Technol. 2003 Summer;15(1):1-15.
- ↑ Arthanat S, Lenker JA. Evaluating the ICF as a framework for clinical assessment of persons for assistive technology device recommendation. Focus on Disability: Trends in Research and Application. 2008:31-8.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Borgnis F, Desideri L, Converti RM, Salatino C. Available Assistive Technology Outcome Measures: Systematic Review. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies. 2023 Nov 15;10:e51124.
