Posture and Postural Ability Scale: Difference between revisions
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== Objective<br> | == Objective == | ||
The Posture and Postural Ability Scale (PPAS) is an assessment tool that allows for posture and postural ability to be assessed independently.<ref name=":0">Rodby-Bousquet E, Ágústsson A, Jónsdóttir G, Czuba T, Johansson AC, Hägglund G. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233798962_Interrater_reliability_and_construct_validity_of_the_Posture_and_Postural_Ability_Scale_in_adults_with_cerebral_palsy_in_supine_prone_sitting_and_standing_positions Interrater reliability and construct validity of the Posture and Postural Ability Scale in adults with cerebral palsy in supine, prone, sitting and standing positions]. Clinical rehabilitation. 2014 Jan;28(1):82-90.</ref><br> | |||
== Intended Population<br> | == Intended Population == | ||
The PPAS is intended for individuals with severe physical disabilities. This tool is not age or diagnosis-specific.<ref name=":0" /><br> | |||
== Method of Use == | == Method of Use == | ||
== | === Materials needed === | ||
# Copy of the PPAS scoring sheet. | |||
# Pen/ pencil | |||
=== Equipment needed === | |||
=== Scoring === | |||
The PPAS assesses 4 positions: | |||
* Standing | |||
* Sitting | |||
* Supine | |||
* Prone | |||
Each position is assessed according to: | |||
# '''Postural Ability''' | |||
# '''Quality of Posture''' | |||
Within '''Postural Ability''' seven levels are designated, ranging from Level 1 = 'Unplaceable in an aligned posture' to 7 = 'Able to move into and out of position.' | |||
'''Quality of Posture''' comprises of six items, each looking at a specific body region. These items are observed in the frontal view and then in the sagittal view. Scoring of the Quality of Posture is given either as a 1 or 0. The value 1 = postural symmetry and alignment, while 0 = asymmetry and deviation from the midline. The total score is calculated separately for each position in the frontal plane and the sagittal plane. Within the assessment of the quality of posture, a space for comments is also made available. | |||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
=== Reliability === | === Reliability === | ||
When tested on an adult [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|cerebral palsy]] (CP) population, interrater reliability was scored as excellent (three independent raters were used). In addition, there was a high internal consistency for all items scored.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Validity === | === Validity === | ||
Construct validity was also demonstrated when using the [[Gross Motor Function Classification System - Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-ER)|Gross Motor Function Classification System]] (GMFCS). Lower scores on the PPAS were correlated with higher levels of the GMFCS. It must be noted that the PPAS was not able to identify differences in postural abilities in individuals between the levels I and II.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
While these are promising results, further research needs to be done to ascertain if the same reliability and validity can be obtained from other populations and age groups. | |||
=== | === Relevance === | ||
The PPAS is a tool that aids in equipment prescription, providing insight into where support is needed. | |||
=== Miscellaneous<span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal;" class="Apple-style-span"></span><br> === | === Miscellaneous<span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal;" class="Apple-style-span"></span><br> === | ||
Revision as of 11:25, 31 May 2023
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (31/05/2023)
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Lauren Heydenrych, Lucinda hampton and Carina Therese Magtibay
Objective[edit | edit source]
The Posture and Postural Ability Scale (PPAS) is an assessment tool that allows for posture and postural ability to be assessed independently.[1]
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
The PPAS is intended for individuals with severe physical disabilities. This tool is not age or diagnosis-specific.[1]
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Materials needed[edit | edit source]
- Copy of the PPAS scoring sheet.
- Pen/ pencil
Equipment needed[edit | edit source]
Scoring[edit | edit source]
The PPAS assesses 4 positions:
- Standing
- Sitting
- Supine
- Prone
Each position is assessed according to:
- Postural Ability
- Quality of Posture
Within Postural Ability seven levels are designated, ranging from Level 1 = 'Unplaceable in an aligned posture' to 7 = 'Able to move into and out of position.'
Quality of Posture comprises of six items, each looking at a specific body region. These items are observed in the frontal view and then in the sagittal view. Scoring of the Quality of Posture is given either as a 1 or 0. The value 1 = postural symmetry and alignment, while 0 = asymmetry and deviation from the midline. The total score is calculated separately for each position in the frontal plane and the sagittal plane. Within the assessment of the quality of posture, a space for comments is also made available.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
When tested on an adult cerebral palsy (CP) population, interrater reliability was scored as excellent (three independent raters were used). In addition, there was a high internal consistency for all items scored.[1]
Validity[edit | edit source]
Construct validity was also demonstrated when using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Lower scores on the PPAS were correlated with higher levels of the GMFCS. It must be noted that the PPAS was not able to identify differences in postural abilities in individuals between the levels I and II.[1]
While these are promising results, further research needs to be done to ascertain if the same reliability and validity can be obtained from other populations and age groups.
Relevance[edit | edit source]
The PPAS is a tool that aids in equipment prescription, providing insight into where support is needed.
Miscellaneous
[edit | edit source]
Links[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rodby-Bousquet E, Ágústsson A, Jónsdóttir G, Czuba T, Johansson AC, Hägglund G. Interrater reliability and construct validity of the Posture and Postural Ability Scale in adults with cerebral palsy in supine, prone, sitting and standing positions. Clinical rehabilitation. 2014 Jan;28(1):82-90.
