Placebo Effect: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
A placebo is a substance that has positive effects as a result of a patient's perception that it is beneficial rather than as a result of a causative ingredient. The Placebo effect is a phenomenon where, with the usage of certain substances, a “perceived” beneficial impact is created. A placebo can be eg a saline solution, sterile water or a sham surgery. It is not known to have any medical significance hence is considered as a “fake” treatment. Interestingly in some cases they tend to produce real responses. The expectations of the patient plays a large part here, with higher the belief in the treatment the greater chances of it being beneficial.<ref>Byjus Placebo effect Available:https://byjus.com/biology/placebo-effect/ (accessed 21.4.2022)</ref> | |||
Placebos have been in use since antiquity and may have been significant in improving health and quality of life when little was known about the etiology of most illnesses. The emergence of placebo-controlled clinical trials in the 1940s reintroduced the placebo effect to the modern day<ref>Munnangi S, Sundjaja JH, Singh K, Dua A, Angus LD. Placebo effect. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30020668/<nowiki/>(accessed 21.4.2022)</ref>. Over the past 30 years there has been an increase in research on the placebo effect using a neuroscientific approach, with an interest in the identification of several biological mechanisms of the placebo. An important contribution of neuroscience has been to highlight the important role of psychobiological factors in therapeutic outcomes, be they drug related or not<ref>Benedetti F, Frisaldi E, Shaibani A. Thirty years of neuroscientific investigation of placebo and nocebo: the interesting, the good, and the bad. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology. 2022 Jan 6;62:323-40.Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460317/ (accessed 21.4.2022)</ref>. | |||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
A placebo is a substance that has positive effects as a result of a patient's perception that it is beneficial rather than as a result of a causative ingredient. The Placebo effect is a phenomenon where, with the usage of certain substances, a “perceived” beneficial impact is created. A placebo can be eg a saline solution, sterile water or a sham surgery. It is not known to have any medical significance hence is considered as a “fake” treatment. Interestingly in some cases they tend to produce real responses. The expectations of the patient plays a large part here, with higher the belief in the treatment the greater chances of it being beneficial.[1]
Placebos have been in use since antiquity and may have been significant in improving health and quality of life when little was known about the etiology of most illnesses. The emergence of placebo-controlled clinical trials in the 1940s reintroduced the placebo effect to the modern day[2]. Over the past 30 years there has been an increase in research on the placebo effect using a neuroscientific approach, with an interest in the identification of several biological mechanisms of the placebo. An important contribution of neuroscience has been to highlight the important role of psychobiological factors in therapeutic outcomes, be they drug related or not[3].
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Byjus Placebo effect Available:https://byjus.com/biology/placebo-effect/ (accessed 21.4.2022)
- ↑ Munnangi S, Sundjaja JH, Singh K, Dua A, Angus LD. Placebo effect. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30020668/(accessed 21.4.2022)
- ↑ Benedetti F, Frisaldi E, Shaibani A. Thirty years of neuroscientific investigation of placebo and nocebo: the interesting, the good, and the bad. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology. 2022 Jan 6;62:323-40.Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460317/ (accessed 21.4.2022)
