Partial Knee Replacement

Original Editor - Venugopal Pawar

Top Contributors - Venugopal Pawar, Ahmed Nassef, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, 127.0.0.1, Admin, Selena Horner, George Prudden, WikiSysop, Leana Louw and Lauren Lopez  

Description

A partial knee replacement (PKR) is a surgical procedure to replace only one part of a damaged knee. It can replace either the inside (medial) part, the outside (lateral) part, or the kneecap (Patellofemoral) part of the knee.

With PKR, only the damaged area of the knee joint is replaced, which may help to minimize trauma to healthy bone and tissue, and also helps relieve arthritis in on or two of the three compartments of the knee.

Surgery to replace the whole knee joint is called total knee replacement.

Indication

Partial Knee Replacement is intended for use in individuals with joint disease resulting from Degenerative, Rheumatoid and Post traumatic arthritis, and for moderate deformity of the Knee.

Clinical Presentation

People with advanced osteoarthritis and conservative treatments have been exhausted. mild valgus or varus deformity.  Pain is often noted when performing physical activities requiring a wide range of motion in the knee joint.

Diagnostic Tests

X-ray and MRI of the joint will reveal the joint disease resulting from Degenerative, Rheumatoid or any Post traumatic arthritis, and also moderate deformity of the Knee.

The xray indication for a knee replacement would be weightbearing xrays of both knees- AP, Lateral, and 30 degrees of flexion. AP and lateral views may not show joint space narrowing, but the 30 degree flexion view is most sensitive for narrowing. If this view, however, does not show narrowing of the knee, then a knee replacement is not indicated.

Pre-Op Preparation

The xray indication for a knee replacement would be weightbearing xrays of both knees- AP, Lateral, and 30 degrees of flexion. AP and lateral views may not show joint space narrowing, but the 30 degree flexion view is most sensitive for narrowing. If this view, however, does not show narrowing of the knee, then a knee replacement is not indicated. Pre-operative preparation begins immediately following surgical consultation and lasts approximately one month.[citation needed] The patient is to perform range of motion exercises and hip, knee and ankle strengthening as directed daily. Before the surgery is performed, pre-operative tests are done: usually a complete blood count, electrolytes, APTT and PT to measure blood clotting, chest X-rays, ECG, and blood cross-matching for possible transfusion. About a month before the surgery, the patient may be prescribed supplemental iron to boost the hemoglobin in their blood system. Accurate X-rays of the affected knee are needed to measure the size of components which will be needed. Medications such as warfarin and aspirin will be stopped some days before surgery to reduce the amount of bleeding. Patients may be admitted on the day of surgery if the pre-op work-up is done in the pre-anesthetic clinic or may come into hospital one or more days before surgery. Some hospitals offer a pre-operative seminar[16] for this surgery. Currently there is insufficient quality evidence to support the use of pre-operative physiotherapy in older adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty [17]

Preoperative education is currently an important part of patient care. There is some evidence that it may slightly reduce anxiety before knee replacement surgery, with low risk of detrimental effects.[18]

Weight loss surgery before a knee replacement does not appear to change outcomes.[19]

Surgical Procedure & Types of Partial Knee Replacement.

add text here relating to post-operative rehabilitation    

Types:

              MEDIAL                   PATELLOFEMORAL             LATERAL                 BICOMAPRMENTAL                  

• Unicondylar Knee Replacement is a procedure that replaces only the single affected compartment of the knee, either the medial or lateral compartment.
• Patellofemoral Knee Replacement is a procedure that replaces the worn patella (the kneecap) and the trochlea (the groove at the end of the thighbone).
• Bicompartmental Knee Replacement is a procedure that replaces two compartments of the knee, the medial and patellofemoral compartments.

Contra-indications  & Common side-effects  Key Evidence

add text here relating to key evidence with regards to any of the above headings

• Partial Knee EReplacement surgery is not appropriate for patienst with certain types of Infections, any mental or Nueromuscular disorder which would create an unacceptable risk of prosthesis instability, prosthesis fixation failure or complication in postoperative care, skeletal immaturity, severe instability of the knee or Excessive body weight.
• Comom side effects:as with any surgery, PKR has its risks which may be Implant related risks which may lead to a revision include dislocation, loosening, fracture, nerve damage, heterotropic ossification, wear of the implant, metal sensitivity, soft tissue imbalance, osteolysis(localized progressive bone loss) and reaction to particle debris.
• Knee implants may not provide the same feel or performance characteristics experienced with a normal healthy joint.
  

Resources

add appropriate resources here

Case Studies

add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the case study template)

References

References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.