Osteotomy
Original Editor Aarti Sareen
Top Contributors - Aarti Sareen, Temi Olagunju, George Prudden and Kim Jackson
Introduction[edit | edit source]
It means the cutting of the a bone. It is a surgical procedure which requires careful planning during recovery period and is done under a general anaesthetic.. The purpose of osteotomy done at different joint is different.[1]
Indications[edit | edit source]
Generally, people who are under 60 years old, active, and overweight are considered appropriate candidates for osteotomy.It is mainly done to:
- To correct excessive angulation, bowing or rotation of long bones.
- To correct mal-alignment of a joint due to mal-union or deformity like coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum etc.
- To permit elongation or shortening of a bone in cases of leg lenght inequality.
- To relieve pain in arthritis, especially of the hip and knee.
- Special indications where osteotomy is performed for purposes other than above e.g McMurray's osteotomy.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
After anesthesia is administered, which may be regional, or general, the surgical team sterilizes the part with antibacterial solution.
Surgeons map out the exact size of the bone wedge they will remove, either using an X-ray, CT scan, or 3D computer modeling. The surgeon removes a wedge of bone located near the damaged joint. The procedure is supposed to cause a shift of weight from the area where there is cartilage damage to an area where there is more normal or healthy cartilage.The approach is different for different joints.
Ultimately, the procedure allows weight to be distributed more evenly across the joint cartilage. Osteotomy surgically repositions the joint, realigning the mechanical axis away from the damaged cartilage. Once the wedge of bone is removed, the surgeon brings the bones that remain together and uses pins or staples to secure them. An immobilization cast or internal plates are also sometimes used for stability.[2]
Various types
[edit | edit source]
| JOINT |
OSTEOTOMIES |
| Jaw |
Dentofacial osteotomy or corrective jaw surgery |
| Chin |
Osteotomy of the Chin |
| Elbow |
French Osteotomy |
| Spine |
Spinal osteotomy |
| Knee |
High tibial osteotomy |
| Hip |
McMurry osteotomy, Pauwel's osteotomy, Salter's osteotomy, Chiari's osteotomy, Pemberton's osteotomy |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ J Maheshwari. Essential Orthopaedics. 2nd revised and enlarged edition. Interprint publication.New Delhi.
- ↑ Eustice C.webpage updated on March 26, 2012, http://osteoarthritis.about.com/od/osteoarthritistreatments/a/osteotomy.htm
