Neonatal Pain Assessment: Difference between revisions
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Pain is now considered as the fifth vital sign hence it should be noted at any time. <ref name=":1" /> | Pain is now considered as the fifth vital sign hence it should be noted at any time. <ref name=":1" /> | ||
== Neonatal | == Neonatal Pain == | ||
Neonates have 30-40% lower pain threshold than the adult and other age group and they have lower pain tolerance. <ref name=":0" /> | Neonates have 30-40% lower pain threshold than the adult and other age group and they have lower pain tolerance. <ref name=":0" /> | ||
Premature infants are more sensitive to pain stimuli than full-term infants because of immature sensory processing and inhibition controls. It leads to lower thresholds for excitation and sensitization, thereby potentially maximizing the central effects of tissue-damaging inputs.<ref name=":0" /> | Premature infants are more sensitive to pain stimuli than full-term infants because of immature sensory processing and inhibition controls. It leads to lower thresholds for excitation and sensitization, thereby potentially maximizing the central effects of tissue-damaging inputs.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Pain | == Pain Assessment in Neonates == | ||
Pain assessment is the path for pain management. For the assessment of pain, a standardized and validated outcome tool is necessary. Self-report is the best method for pain assessment as pain is subjective. But, in the case of neonates, they couldn’t communicate. So, observational and behavioral tools are the best substitutions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | Pain assessment is the path for pain management. For the assessment of pain, a standardized and validated outcome tool is necessary. Self-report is the best method for pain assessment as pain is subjective. But, in the case of neonates, they couldn’t communicate. So, observational and behavioral tools are the best substitutions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | ||
== A | == A Conceptual Framework For The Measurement of Neonatal Pain == | ||
[[File:Neonatal pain.png|center|thumb|1429x1429px|Neonatal pain assessment conceptual framework ]] | [[File:Neonatal pain.png|center|thumb|1429x1429px|Neonatal pain assessment conceptual framework ]]<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== | == Assessment Tools == | ||
Some of the outcome tools used in the assessment are<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />: | |||
* CRIES pain rating scale | * CRIES pain rating scale | ||
* FLACC assessment tool | * FLACC assessment tool | ||
Revision as of 13:47, 2 August 2019
Pain[edit | edit source]
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.”[1][2][3]
Pain can be classified as nociceptive and neuropathic on the basis of pathology, nonmalignant and malignant on the basis of etiology, acute and chronic on the basis of duration and on the basis of location, it can be classified by body sites. [3]
Pain is now considered as the fifth vital sign hence it should be noted at any time. [3]
Neonatal Pain[edit | edit source]
Neonates have 30-40% lower pain threshold than the adult and other age group and they have lower pain tolerance. [2]
Premature infants are more sensitive to pain stimuli than full-term infants because of immature sensory processing and inhibition controls. It leads to lower thresholds for excitation and sensitization, thereby potentially maximizing the central effects of tissue-damaging inputs.[2]
Pain Assessment in Neonates[edit | edit source]
Pain assessment is the path for pain management. For the assessment of pain, a standardized and validated outcome tool is necessary. Self-report is the best method for pain assessment as pain is subjective. But, in the case of neonates, they couldn’t communicate. So, observational and behavioral tools are the best substitutions.[2][3]
A Conceptual Framework For The Measurement of Neonatal Pain[edit | edit source]
Assessment Tools[edit | edit source]
Some of the outcome tools used in the assessment are[2][3]:
- CRIES pain rating scale
- FLACC assessment tool
- Behavioral pain score
- COMFORT neo
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Cohen M, Quintner J, van Rysewyk S. Reconsidering the International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain. Pain reports. 2018 Mar;3(2).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Cong X, McGrath JM, Cusson RM, Zhang D. Pain assessment and measurement in neonates: an updated review. Advances in Neonatal Care. 2013 Dec 1;13(6):379-95.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Kahsay H. Assessment and treatment of pain in pediatric patients. Current Pediatric Research. 2017.
