Musculocutaneous Nerve: Difference between revisions

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=== General Course of Nerve  ===
=== General Course of Nerve  ===
The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the Brachial Plexus. It emerges at the inferior border of pectoralis minor muscle. It has root values of C5, C6 and C7. It leaves the axilla to then pierce the Corocobrachialis near it humeral insertion. It then travels laterally down the arm, superficial to the Brachialis but deep to the Biceps Brachii muscle. It terminates 2cm above the elbow as the Lateral Cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the Brachial Plexus. It emerges at the inferior border of [[Pectoralis Minor|Pectoralis minor]] muscle. It has root values of C5, C6 and C7. It leaves the axilla to then pierce the Corocobrachialis near it humeral insertion. It then travels laterally down the arm, superficial to the [[Brachialis]] but deep to the [[Biceps brachii|Biceps Brachii]] muscle. It terminates 2cm above the elbow as the Lateral Cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46PTcikRi44|width}}<ref>Osama Eqeel. Musculocutaneous nerve. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46PTcikRi44 (last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref>  
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46PTcikRi44|width}}<ref>Osama Eqeel. Musculocutaneous nerve. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46PTcikRi44 (last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref>  
=== Branches  ===
=== Branches  ===
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* the terminal Lateral Cutaneous nerve to the lateral forearm
* the terminal Lateral Cutaneous nerve to the lateral forearm
Articular branches
Articular branches
* Humerus and Elbow joint
* Humerus and [[Elbow]] joint


== Movements produced  ==
== Movements produced  ==
* Coracobrachialis - flexs and adducts the glenohumeral (GH) joint and acts to stabilise the humeral head in the glenoid fossa when the arm is hanging freely by side.<ref>Wikipedia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle Coracobrachialis muscle.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle (last accessed 20.3.2019) </ref>
* Coracobrachialis - flexs and adducts the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral]] (GH) joint and acts to stabilise the humeral head in the glenoid fossa when the arm is hanging freely by side.<ref>Wikipedia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle Coracobrachialis muscle.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle (last accessed 20.3.2019) </ref>
* Brachialis- flexion of the elbow joint.
* Brachialis- flexion of the elbow joint.
* Biceps Brachii- a weak abductor of GH joint when arm externally rotated. Weak flexor of GH joint. Helps to stabilise GH joint when weight carried in arm. A supinator and flexor of the elbow joint.<ref>Wikipedia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps Biceps Brachii]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps ( last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref>
* Biceps Brachii- a weak abductor of GH joint when arm externally rotated. Weak flexor of GH joint. Helps to stabilise GH joint when weight carried in arm. A supinator and flexor of the elbow joint.<ref>Wikipedia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps Biceps Brachii]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps ( last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref>
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=== Pathology/Injury<ref name=":0">Patient. [https://patient.info/doctor/musculocutaneous-nerve-lesion-c5-c6 Musculocutaneous nerve.] Available from: https://patient.info/doctor/musculocutaneous-nerve-lesion-c5-c6 (last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref><ref>Healthline. [https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/musculocutaneous-nerve#1 Musculocutaneous nerve]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/musculocutaneous-nerve#1 (last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref>  ===
=== Pathology/Injury<ref name=":0">Patient. [https://patient.info/doctor/musculocutaneous-nerve-lesion-c5-c6 Musculocutaneous nerve.] Available from: https://patient.info/doctor/musculocutaneous-nerve-lesion-c5-c6 (last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref><ref>Healthline. [https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/musculocutaneous-nerve#1 Musculocutaneous nerve]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/musculocutaneous-nerve#1 (last accessed 20.3.2019)</ref>  ===
Isolated injuries of the Musculocutaneous Nerve are rare. It may become injured by
Isolated injuries of the Musculocutaneous Nerve are rare. It may become injured by
* Brachial Plexus damage he musculocutaneous nerve is prone to unusual variations. For example, it sometimes interacts with the median nerve, with branches forming between the two nerves. The musculocutaneous nerve can be damaged by compression, leading to loss of sensation on the outside of the forearm. This type of damage can occur during activities like weight lifting. Some people who experience this type of injury may spontaneously recover after a few months, but others may require therapy. Damage to the shoulder or brachial plexus may also affect the nerve.
* Brachial Plexus damage  
* Compression may occur in eg weight lifting The biceps aponeurosis and tendon compress against the fascia of the brachialis muscle causing sensory loss below the elbow on the lateral side of the forearm.  
* Compression injury eg weight lifting or sports involving lots of forarm flexing and supination.The biceps aponeurosis and tendon compress against the fascia of the brachialis muscle causing sensory loss below the elbow on the lateral side of the forearm.  
* Dislocation of the shoulder
* Dislocation of the shoulder
* Shoulder surgery
* Shoulder surgery
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==== Anatomical Variations ====
==== Anatomical Variations ====
Considerable anatomical variations present with this nerve. This may lead to clinical implications.<ref name=":0" />
Considerable anatomical variations present with this nerve. This may lead to clinical implications in eg surgery, diagnosis.<ref name=":0" />


== Physiotherapy Techniques  ==
== Physiotherapy Techniques  ==

Revision as of 08:17, 20 March 2019

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The Musculocutaneous nerve is a large branch of the Brachial Plexus that supplies the flexors of the arm and sensation to the lateral forearm.[edit | edit source]

General Course of Nerve[edit | edit source]

The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the Brachial Plexus. It emerges at the inferior border of Pectoralis minor muscle. It has root values of C5, C6 and C7. It leaves the axilla to then pierce the Corocobrachialis near it humeral insertion. It then travels laterally down the arm, superficial to the Brachialis but deep to the Biceps Brachii muscle. It terminates 2cm above the elbow as the Lateral Cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

[1]

Branches[edit | edit source]

Motor branches are to

  • Corocobrachialis
  • Brachialis ( also has supply from Radial nerve)
  • Biceps Brachii

Sensory branches are

  • the terminal Lateral Cutaneous nerve to the lateral forearm

Articular branches

Movements produced[edit | edit source]

  • Coracobrachialis - flexs and adducts the glenohumeral (GH) joint and acts to stabilise the humeral head in the glenoid fossa when the arm is hanging freely by side.[2]
  • Brachialis- flexion of the elbow joint.
  • Biceps Brachii- a weak abductor of GH joint when arm externally rotated. Weak flexor of GH joint. Helps to stabilise GH joint when weight carried in arm. A supinator and flexor of the elbow joint.[3]

Pathology/Injury[4][5][edit | edit source]

Isolated injuries of the Musculocutaneous Nerve are rare. It may become injured by

  • Brachial Plexus damage
  • Compression injury eg weight lifting or sports involving lots of forarm flexing and supination.The biceps aponeurosis and tendon compress against the fascia of the brachialis muscle causing sensory loss below the elbow on the lateral side of the forearm.
  • Dislocation of the shoulder
  • Shoulder surgery
  • Entrapment of the nerve at the elbow

Anatomical Variations[edit | edit source]

Considerable anatomical variations present with this nerve. This may lead to clinical implications in eg surgery, diagnosis.[4]

Physiotherapy Techniques[edit | edit source]

Palpation[edit | edit source]

Examination[edit | edit source]

Physiotherapeutic Techniques[edit | edit source]

Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]

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References[edit | edit source]

References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.

  1. ↑ Osama Eqeel. Musculocutaneous nerve. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46PTcikRi44 (last accessed 20.3.2019)
  2. ↑ Wikipedia. Coracobrachialis muscle. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle (last accessed 20.3.2019)
  3. ↑ Wikipedia. Biceps Brachii. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps ( last accessed 20.3.2019)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Patient. Musculocutaneous nerve. Available from: https://patient.info/doctor/musculocutaneous-nerve-lesion-c5-c6 (last accessed 20.3.2019)
  5. ↑ Healthline. Musculocutaneous nerve. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/musculocutaneous-nerve#1 (last accessed 20.3.2019)
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