Mental Health Interventions for People Living With HIV: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Since its outbreak in the 1980’s, [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] has resulted in immense global and individual health consequences, and in some African countries it remains the leading cause of death (1). The introduction and improved availability of ART (antiretroviral treatment) in recent years, has resulted in less people succumbing to the fatal effects of the virus (2). With more people surviving, the prevalence of HIV has increased significantly. This brings forth the challenge of ensuring that PLWH (people living with HIV) are living good quality, functional lives. Both the effects of the virus and side effects of ART can have detrimental effects on PLWH’s physical health (pain and energy levels) and mental health (depression and anxiety) (2). | |||
== | == Relationship Between HIV and Mental Health == | ||
One of the prominent elements contributing to impaired quality of life of PLWH, is poor mental health. Mental health problems, suchs as depression and anxiety, are very common amongst PLWH. The prevalence rate of depression and mood disorders among PLWH is approximately 33% and the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders is about 20% (3). This is much higher than the global prevalence of the general population which is 4.7% (4). It is therefore clear that having HIV poses an increased risk of developing mental health disorders. | |||
Mental health problems have been recognised as a key factor in affecting HIV treatment outcomes (5). Poor mental health has been shown to negatively affect HIV disease progression as well as adherence to ART (6). Those who report needing mental health care, but not receive it, are more likely to not adhere to their ART medication compared to those who do receive mental health care support (7). Furthermore, evidence also suggests that poor viral suppression (as a result of poor ART adherence) may again lead to an increased risk of mental health problems (7). | |||
High levels of stress and depression have also been associated with poor disease parameters (reduced CD4 and increased viral load) - This could be related to associated poor ART adherence, or attributed to the physiological effects of stress and depression (2). | |||
''“PLWH and depression are 42% less likely to achieve good ART adherence, more likely to develop virologic failure and are more likely to have HIV progression, independent of ART adherence, than those without depression” (8)'' . | |||
== Sub Heading 3 == | == Sub Heading 3 == | ||
Revision as of 23:03, 10 August 2022
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Khloud Shreif, Melissa Coetsee and Kim Jackson
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Since its outbreak in the 1980’s, HIV has resulted in immense global and individual health consequences, and in some African countries it remains the leading cause of death (1). The introduction and improved availability of ART (antiretroviral treatment) in recent years, has resulted in less people succumbing to the fatal effects of the virus (2). With more people surviving, the prevalence of HIV has increased significantly. This brings forth the challenge of ensuring that PLWH (people living with HIV) are living good quality, functional lives. Both the effects of the virus and side effects of ART can have detrimental effects on PLWH’s physical health (pain and energy levels) and mental health (depression and anxiety) (2).
Relationship Between HIV and Mental Health[edit | edit source]
One of the prominent elements contributing to impaired quality of life of PLWH, is poor mental health. Mental health problems, suchs as depression and anxiety, are very common amongst PLWH. The prevalence rate of depression and mood disorders among PLWH is approximately 33% and the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders is about 20% (3). This is much higher than the global prevalence of the general population which is 4.7% (4). It is therefore clear that having HIV poses an increased risk of developing mental health disorders.
Mental health problems have been recognised as a key factor in affecting HIV treatment outcomes (5). Poor mental health has been shown to negatively affect HIV disease progression as well as adherence to ART (6). Those who report needing mental health care, but not receive it, are more likely to not adhere to their ART medication compared to those who do receive mental health care support (7). Furthermore, evidence also suggests that poor viral suppression (as a result of poor ART adherence) may again lead to an increased risk of mental health problems (7).
High levels of stress and depression have also been associated with poor disease parameters (reduced CD4 and increased viral load) - This could be related to associated poor ART adherence, or attributed to the physiological effects of stress and depression (2).
“PLWH and depression are 42% less likely to achieve good ART adherence, more likely to develop virologic failure and are more likely to have HIV progression, independent of ART adherence, than those without depression” (8) .
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