Hypoglossal Nerve: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
[[File:Gray794.png|alt=Hypoglossal nerve|343x343px|right|frameless]]The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th [[Cranial Nerves|cranial nerve]]<nowiki/>s that originate from the [[Brainstem|medulla obligate]] of the brain stem. It is mainly an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature. | |||
== | == Innervation == | ||
It gives only somatic motor innervation for all extrinsic and intrinsic | It gives only [[Motor Neurone|somatic motor innervation]] for all extrinsic and intrinsic [[muscle]]<nowiki/>s of the tongue except the palatoglossus, innervated by the [[Vagus Nerve|vagus nerve]]. | ||
== | == Examination == | ||
Examining the hypoglossal nerve involves observation of the primary innervation target of the nerve; the tongue. The three observable aspects of the tongue are strength, bulk, and dexterity. Special attention is given when the tongue is weak, atrophied, moving abnormally, or impaired. | Examining the hypoglossal nerve involves observation of the primary innervation target of the nerve; the tongue. The three observable aspects of the tongue are strength, bulk, and dexterity. Special attention is given when the tongue is weak, atrophied, moving abnormally, or impaired. | ||
{{#ev:youtube|e6X8vMYTSHs|300}}<ref>physiotutors.Cranial Nerve 12 | Hypoglossal Nerve Assessment for Physiotherapists. available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6X8vMYTSHs</ref> | {{#ev:youtube|e6X8vMYTSHs|300}}<ref>physiotutors.Cranial Nerve 12 | Hypoglossal Nerve Assessment for Physiotherapists. available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6X8vMYTSHs</ref> | ||
== | == Lesion == | ||
'''UMNL:''' | '''UMNL:''' | ||
| Line 31: | Line 29: | ||
1/Lin HC, Barkhaus PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):45–52.<ref>1/Catala M, Kubis N. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444529022000035 Gross anatomy and development of the peripheral nervous system.] Said G, Krarup C, editors. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;115:29–41. 2/Lin HC, Barkhaus PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):45–52.</ref> | 1/Lin HC, Barkhaus PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):45–52.<ref>1/Catala M, Kubis N. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444529022000035 Gross anatomy and development of the peripheral nervous system.] Said G, Krarup C, editors. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;115:29–41. 2/Lin HC, Barkhaus PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):45–52.</ref> | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Nerves]] | |||
[[Category:Head]] | |||
[[Category:Brain]] | |||
Revision as of 07:41, 7 February 2021
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerves that originate from the medulla obligate of the brain stem. It is mainly an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature.
Innervation[edit | edit source]
It gives only somatic motor innervation for all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus, innervated by the vagus nerve.
Examination[edit | edit source]
Examining the hypoglossal nerve involves observation of the primary innervation target of the nerve; the tongue. The three observable aspects of the tongue are strength, bulk, and dexterity. Special attention is given when the tongue is weak, atrophied, moving abnormally, or impaired.
Lesion[edit | edit source]
UMNL:
1/ unilateral: deviation of the tongue to the opposite side of the lesion.
2/ bilateral: inability to protrude the tongue.
note in both cases there is no wasting or fasciculation.
LMNL:
1/unilateral: deviation of the tongue to the side of the lesion.
2/bilateral: inability to protrude the tongue.
note in both cases there is wasting and fasciculation.
References[edit | edit source]
1/Lin HC, Barkhaus PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):45–52.[2]
- ↑ physiotutors.Cranial Nerve 12 | Hypoglossal Nerve Assessment for Physiotherapists. available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6X8vMYTSHs
- ↑ 1/Catala M, Kubis N. Gross anatomy and development of the peripheral nervous system. Said G, Krarup C, editors. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;115:29–41. 2/Lin HC, Barkhaus PE. Cranial nerve XII: the hypoglossal nerve. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):45–52.
