Friction and its Application: Difference between revisions

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Friction plays a significant role in physiotherapy, especially in manual therapy techniques and therapeutic exercises
Friction plays a significant role in physiotherapy, especially in manual therapy techniques and therapeutic exercises


Friction plays a significant role in physiotherapy, especially in manual therapy techniques and therapeutic exercises. 
== Types of Friction Techniques Used in Physiotherapy ==
 
1.[[Mobilization Grades|Soft Tissue Mobilization:]]  we Physiotherapists often use friction massage techniques to mobilize soft structures such as  
1.[[Mobilization Grades|Soft Tissue Mobilization:]]  we Physiotherapists often use friction massage techniques to mobilize soft structures such as  


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2. [[Massage|Cross-Fiber Friction Massage]]: in this technique  friction is applied perpendicular to the direction of muscle fibers. It is commonly used to target specific areas of tissue dysfunction or to break down adhesions between muscle layers. Cross-fiber friction massage can help improve tissue mobility, reduce muscle stiffness, and alleviate pain.<ref>Rasool F, Memon AR, Kiyani MM, Sajjad AG. The effect of deep cross friction massage on spasticity of children with cerebral palsy: A double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67:87.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aamir-Memon-3/publication/311775535_The_effect_of_deep_cross_friction_massage_on_spasticity_of_children_with_cerebral_palsy_A_double-blind_randomised_controlled_trial/links/585a6b6308aeabd9a58ca55e/The-effect-of-deep-cross-friction-massage-on-spasticity-of-children-with-cerebral-palsy-A-double-blind-randomised-controlled-trial.pdf</ref>
2. [[Massage|Cross-Fiber Friction Massage]]: in this technique  friction is applied perpendicular to the direction of muscle fibers. It is commonly used to target specific areas of tissue dysfunction or to break down adhesions between muscle layers. Cross-fiber friction massage can help improve tissue mobility, reduce muscle stiffness, and alleviate pain.<ref>Rasool F, Memon AR, Kiyani MM, Sajjad AG. The effect of deep cross friction massage on spasticity of children with cerebral palsy: A double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67:87.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aamir-Memon-3/publication/311775535_The_effect_of_deep_cross_friction_massage_on_spasticity_of_children_with_cerebral_palsy_A_double-blind_randomised_controlled_trial/links/585a6b6308aeabd9a58ca55e/The-effect-of-deep-cross-friction-massage-on-spasticity-of-children-with-cerebral-palsy-A-double-blind-randomised-controlled-trial.pdf</ref>


3. [[Scar Management|Scar Tissue Management]]: After surgery or injury, scar tissue may form, limiting range of motion and causing pain and dysfunction. we use friction techniques, such as scar massage, to break down scar tissue adhesions and promote tissue remodeling. By applying controlled friction to the scar tissue, we can help improve tissue mobility, reduce scar adhesions, and enhance overall function.<ref>Barnes SP, Ma Y, Patel B, Muthayya P. Efficacy of massage techniques for hypertrophic burn scars – A systematic review of literature. J Burn Care Res. 2024;45(2):356-365. doi:10.1093/jbcr/irad140
3. [[Scar Management|Scar Tissue Management]]: After surgery or injury, scar tissue may form, limiting range of motion and causing pain and dysfunction. we use friction techniques, such as scar massage, to break down scar tissue adhesions and promote tissue remodeling. By applying controlled friction to the scar tissue, we can help improve tissue mobility, reduce scar adhesions, and enhance overall function.<ref name=":0">Barnes SP, Ma Y, Patel B, Muthayya P. Efficacy of massage techniques for hypertrophic burn scars – A systematic review of literature. J Burn Care Res. 2024;45(2):356-365. doi:10.1093/jbcr/irad140


https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/article-abstract/45/2/356/7270579</ref>
https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/article-abstract/45/2/356/7270579</ref>
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6. [[Taping]] Techniques: such as kinesiology tape. we may apply friction to the adhesive side of the tape to activate its heat-sensitive properties, enhancing its adhesion to the skin and improving its therapeutic effects, such as providing support, reducing swelling, and enhancing proprioception.<ref>Mohamadi M, Piroozi S, Rashidi I, Hosseinifard S. Friction massage versus kinesiotaping for short-term management of latent trigger points in the upper trapezius: a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap. 2017;25:25.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12998-017-0156-9</ref>
6. [[Taping]] Techniques: such as kinesiology tape. we may apply friction to the adhesive side of the tape to activate its heat-sensitive properties, enhancing its adhesion to the skin and improving its therapeutic effects, such as providing support, reducing swelling, and enhancing proprioception.<ref>Mohamadi M, Piroozi S, Rashidi I, Hosseinifard S. Friction massage versus kinesiotaping for short-term management of latent trigger points in the upper trapezius: a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap. 2017;25:25.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12998-017-0156-9</ref>
== Physiological effects of friction ==
* Increased vasodilation<ref>Cambron JA, Dexheimer J, Coe P. Changes in blood pressure after various forms of therapeutic massage: A preliminary study. J Altern Complement Med. 2006;12:65–70.</ref><ref>Holey E, Cook E. Evidence-Based Therapeutic Massage. A Practical Guide for Therapists. 2nd ed.Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003</ref>-Vasodilation refers to the expansion of blood vessels. Friction applied to the skin raises the temperature in localized areas, prompting blood vessels to unwind and expand. This expanded vasodilation facilitates greater delivery of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the muscles.
* Improved recovery<ref>Leivadi S, Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, et al. Massage therapy and relaxation effects on university dance students. J Dance Med Sci. 1999;3:108–112</ref>
* Breakdown / realignment of collagen fibres<ref name=":0" /> and scar tissue -Frictions play a role in breaking down and realigning collagen fibers, which are a type of connective tissue characterized by their tough texture and high strength. Scar tissue, predominantly composed of collagen fibers, can develop following injury. However, it may disrupt the normal alignment of muscle fibers, leading to restrictions in movement and subsequent pain. Frictions, a specialized massage technique, target these restrictive tissues, aiming to realign the fibers to their natural orientation.
* Increased range of movement<ref>Hopper D, Deacon S, Das S, et al. Dynamic soft tissue mobilization increases hamstring flexibility in healthy male subjects. Br J Sports Med. 2004;39:594–598 </ref> and elasticity-Frictions additionally enhance tissue elasticity. When performed along the direction of muscle fibers, frictions can stretch and lengthen the tissues. Moreover, frictions elevate the temperature, promoting greater mobility of the tissue fibers, facilitating their manipulation and stretching. Augmenting elasticity is crucial for improving mobility and preventing tightness.
== Benfits ==
== Reference ==

Revision as of 19:42, 12 April 2024

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Friction plays a significant role in physiotherapy, especially in manual therapy techniques and therapeutic exercises

Types of Friction Techniques Used in Physiotherapy[edit | edit source]

1.Soft Tissue Mobilization: we Physiotherapists often use friction massage techniques to mobilize soft structures such as

  • muscles,
  • tendons,
  • ligaments,
  • fascia.

Friction massage involves applying pressure and rubbing movements directly to the affected area, aiming to break down adhesions, scar tissue, and muscle knots to improve tissue flexibility, reduce pain, and enhance circulation to promote healing.[1]

2. Cross-Fiber Friction Massage: in this technique friction is applied perpendicular to the direction of muscle fibers. It is commonly used to target specific areas of tissue dysfunction or to break down adhesions between muscle layers. Cross-fiber friction massage can help improve tissue mobility, reduce muscle stiffness, and alleviate pain.[2]

3. Scar Tissue Management: After surgery or injury, scar tissue may form, limiting range of motion and causing pain and dysfunction. we use friction techniques, such as scar massage, to break down scar tissue adhesions and promote tissue remodeling. By applying controlled friction to the scar tissue, we can help improve tissue mobility, reduce scar adhesions, and enhance overall function.[3]

4. Trigger Point Release: Friction can be applied to trigger points—hyperirritable spots within taut bands of skeletal muscle—to release muscle tension and alleviate pain. we may use their fingers, thumbs, or specialized tools to apply localized friction to trigger points, helping to deactivate them and restore muscle function.

5. Joint Mobilization: we use friction during joint mobilization techniques to improve joint mobility and reduce stiffness. we may apply controlled friction to the joint surfaces to break down adhesions, increase synovial fluid circulation, and promote joint lubrication. This can help restore normal joint mechanics and reduce pain and dysfunction.[4]

6. Taping Techniques: such as kinesiology tape. we may apply friction to the adhesive side of the tape to activate its heat-sensitive properties, enhancing its adhesion to the skin and improving its therapeutic effects, such as providing support, reducing swelling, and enhancing proprioception.[5]

Physiological effects of friction[edit | edit source]

  • Increased vasodilation[6][7]-Vasodilation refers to the expansion of blood vessels. Friction applied to the skin raises the temperature in localized areas, prompting blood vessels to unwind and expand. This expanded vasodilation facilitates greater delivery of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the muscles.
  • Improved recovery[8]
  • Breakdown / realignment of collagen fibres[3] and scar tissue -Frictions play a role in breaking down and realigning collagen fibers, which are a type of connective tissue characterized by their tough texture and high strength. Scar tissue, predominantly composed of collagen fibers, can develop following injury. However, it may disrupt the normal alignment of muscle fibers, leading to restrictions in movement and subsequent pain. Frictions, a specialized massage technique, target these restrictive tissues, aiming to realign the fibers to their natural orientation.
  • Increased range of movement[9] and elasticity-Frictions additionally enhance tissue elasticity. When performed along the direction of muscle fibers, frictions can stretch and lengthen the tissues. Moreover, frictions elevate the temperature, promoting greater mobility of the tissue fibers, facilitating their manipulation and stretching. Augmenting elasticity is crucial for improving mobility and preventing tightness.

Benfits[edit | edit source]

Reference[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Chaves P, Simões D, Paço M, Pinho F, Duarte JA, Ribeiro F. Cyriax's deep friction massage application parameters: Evidence from a cross-sectional study with physiotherapists. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017;32:92-97.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468781217301480
  2. ↑ Rasool F, Memon AR, Kiyani MM, Sajjad AG. The effect of deep cross friction massage on spasticity of children with cerebral palsy: A double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67:87.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aamir-Memon-3/publication/311775535_The_effect_of_deep_cross_friction_massage_on_spasticity_of_children_with_cerebral_palsy_A_double-blind_randomised_controlled_trial/links/585a6b6308aeabd9a58ca55e/The-effect-of-deep-cross-friction-massage-on-spasticity-of-children-with-cerebral-palsy-A-double-blind-randomised-controlled-trial.pdf
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barnes SP, Ma Y, Patel B, Muthayya P. Efficacy of massage techniques for hypertrophic burn scars – A systematic review of literature. J Burn Care Res. 2024;45(2):356-365. doi:10.1093/jbcr/irad140 https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/article-abstract/45/2/356/7270579
  4. ↑ Nor Azlin MN, Su Lyn K. Effects of passive joint mobilization on patients with knee osteoarthritis. Sains Malaysiana. 2011;40(12):1461-1465.http://www.ukm.edu.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-40-12-2011/17%20Nor%20Azlin.pdf
  5. ↑ Mohamadi M, Piroozi S, Rashidi I, Hosseinifard S. Friction massage versus kinesiotaping for short-term management of latent trigger points in the upper trapezius: a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap. 2017;25:25.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12998-017-0156-9
  6. ↑ Cambron JA, Dexheimer J, Coe P. Changes in blood pressure after various forms of therapeutic massage: A preliminary study. J Altern Complement Med. 2006;12:65–70.
  7. ↑ Holey E, Cook E. Evidence-Based Therapeutic Massage. A Practical Guide for Therapists. 2nd ed.Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003
  8. ↑ Leivadi S, Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, et al. Massage therapy and relaxation effects on university dance students. J Dance Med Sci. 1999;3:108–112
  9. ↑ Hopper D, Deacon S, Das S, et al. Dynamic soft tissue mobilization increases hamstring flexibility in healthy male subjects. Br J Sports Med. 2004;39:594–598
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