Dry Eye: Difference between revisions
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= Dry Eye (in Facial Palsy) = | = Dry Eye (in Facial Palsy) = | ||
Individuals with Facial Palsy frequently encounter problems with the affected eye being dry. | Individuals with Facial Palsy frequently encounter problems with the affected eye being dry. | ||
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In Facial Nerve palsy there are 2 problems which contribute towards making the eye dry:<br>1. The greater petrosal nerve, derived from the facial nerve, supplies the parasympathetic autonomic component of the lacrimal gland. - controlling production of moisture/tearing in eyes.<br>2. The zygomatic branch of the Facial Nerve supplies Orbicularis Oculi, and the resulting paralysis causes inability(or reduced ability) to close the eye or blink, so the tears (or indeed artificial lubrication in the form of drops, gel or ointment) are not spread across the cornea properly. | In Facial Nerve palsy there are 2 problems which contribute towards making the eye dry:<br>1. The greater petrosal nerve, derived from the facial nerve, supplies the parasympathetic autonomic component of the lacrimal gland. - controlling production of moisture/tearing in eyes.<br>2. The zygomatic branch of the Facial Nerve supplies Orbicularis Oculi, and the resulting paralysis causes inability(or reduced ability) to close the eye or blink, so the tears (or indeed artificial lubrication in the form of drops, gel or ointment) are not spread across the cornea properly. | ||
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The following efffects may be observed: | The following efffects may be observed: | ||
*The widening of the distance between the upper and lower eyelids, technically described as a "widened palpebral fissure". | *The widening of the distance between the upper and lower eyelids, technically described as a "widened palpebral fissure". | ||
*The loss of blink reflex and inability to close the eyelid, due to impaired orbicularis oculi function, can lead to excessive dryness of the cornea, "exposure keratopathy". | *The loss of blink reflex and inability to close the eyelid, due to impaired orbicularis oculi function, can lead to excessive dryness of the cornea, "exposure keratopathy". | ||
*The lower eyelid may turn upwards (a condition known as paralytic eyelid ectropion). When associated with upper and lower lid retraction, this prevents the eyelids from closing to cover the eye completely. (The medical term for this is lagophthalmos). | *The lower eyelid may turn upwards (a condition known as paralytic eyelid ectropion). When associated with upper and lower lid retraction, this prevents the eyelids from closing to cover the eye completely. (The medical term for this is lagophthalmos). | ||
*Dysfunctional lacrimation (abnormal flow of tears); the overflow of tears onto the face (known as epiphora) being further increased by the absence of lower lid nasal twist – as the nasal twist helps pump tears into the lacrimal drainage system.<br> | *Dysfunctional lacrimation (abnormal flow of tears); the overflow of tears onto the face (known as epiphora) being further increased by the absence of lower lid nasal twist – as the nasal twist helps pump tears into the lacrimal drainage system.<br> | ||
== Symptoms caused by Dry Eye == | == Symptoms caused by Dry Eye == | ||
Symptoms may include: | Symptoms may include: | ||
*Gritty, burning or scratchy feeling in the eye | *Gritty, burning or scratchy feeling in the eye | ||
*Redness of the eye | *Redness of the eye | ||
*Feeling of dryness in the eye | *Feeling of dryness in the eye | ||
*Pain in the eye | *Pain in the eye | ||
*Blurred vision | *Blurred vision | ||
*Frequent eye infections | *Frequent eye infections | ||
*Corneal damage | *Corneal damage | ||
*Excessive watering of the eye - confusingly, this can occur for short periods of time in an otherwise dry eye<br> | *Excessive watering of the eye - confusingly, this can occur for short periods of time in an otherwise dry eye<br> | ||
== Other factors which can exacerbate Dry Eye == | == Other factors which can exacerbate Dry Eye == | ||
#Age: Dry occur can occur in the elderly even without any damage to the facial nerve | #Age: Dry occur can occur in the elderly even without any damage to the facial nerve | ||
#Medical conditions: Rheumatoid Arthritis, diabetes, Parkinsons's Disease and thyroid problems can all cause Dry Eye syndrome. In addition conditions such as seborrhaeic dermatitis and blepharitis can affect the tear production and exacerbate Dry Eye. | #Medical conditions: Rheumatoid Arthritis, diabetes, Parkinsons's Disease and thyroid problems can all cause Dry Eye syndrome. In addition conditions such as seborrhaeic dermatitis and blepharitis can affect the tear production and exacerbate Dry Eye. | ||
#Medications: antihypertensives, antihistamines and antidepressants can all reduce tear production. | #Medications: antihypertensives, antihistamines and antidepressants can all reduce tear production. | ||
#Gender: women can be more susceptible to Dry Eye syndrome due to hormonal changes, eg. at menopause, during pregnancy or when taking oral or injected contraception. | #Gender: women can be more susceptible to Dry Eye syndrome due to hormonal changes, eg. at menopause, during pregnancy or when taking oral or injected contraception. | ||
== Management of Dry Eye == | == Management of Dry Eye == | ||
It is important to stress to the patient the risks of Dry Eye in Facial Palsy: ie. that it can lead to formation of a corneal | It is important to stress to the patient the risks of Dry Eye in Facial Palsy: ie. that it can lead to formation of a corneal | ||
Revision as of 15:43, 3 December 2013
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Wendy Walker, Kim Jackson, Jess Bell, Rishika Babburu and Naomi O'Reilly
Introduction[edit source]
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Resources[edit source]
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References[edit source]
Dry Eye (in Facial Palsy)[edit | edit source]
Individuals with Facial Palsy frequently encounter problems with the affected eye being dry.
This is caused by lack of tear production in the affected eye, causing a dry, possibly painful eye, with risk of corneal ulceration.
In Facial Nerve palsy there are 2 problems which contribute towards making the eye dry:
1. The greater petrosal nerve, derived from the facial nerve, supplies the parasympathetic autonomic component of the lacrimal gland. - controlling production of moisture/tearing in eyes.
2. The zygomatic branch of the Facial Nerve supplies Orbicularis Oculi, and the resulting paralysis causes inability(or reduced ability) to close the eye or blink, so the tears (or indeed artificial lubrication in the form of drops, gel or ointment) are not spread across the cornea properly.
The following efffects may be observed:
- The widening of the distance between the upper and lower eyelids, technically described as a "widened palpebral fissure".
- The loss of blink reflex and inability to close the eyelid, due to impaired orbicularis oculi function, can lead to excessive dryness of the cornea, "exposure keratopathy".
- The lower eyelid may turn upwards (a condition known as paralytic eyelid ectropion). When associated with upper and lower lid retraction, this prevents the eyelids from closing to cover the eye completely. (The medical term for this is lagophthalmos).
- Dysfunctional lacrimation (abnormal flow of tears); the overflow of tears onto the face (known as epiphora) being further increased by the absence of lower lid nasal twist – as the nasal twist helps pump tears into the lacrimal drainage system.
Symptoms caused by Dry Eye[edit | edit source]
Symptoms may include:
- Gritty, burning or scratchy feeling in the eye
- Redness of the eye
- Feeling of dryness in the eye
- Pain in the eye
- Blurred vision
- Frequent eye infections
- Corneal damage
- Excessive watering of the eye - confusingly, this can occur for short periods of time in an otherwise dry eye
Other factors which can exacerbate Dry Eye[edit | edit source]
- Age: Dry occur can occur in the elderly even without any damage to the facial nerve
- Medical conditions: Rheumatoid Arthritis, diabetes, Parkinsons's Disease and thyroid problems can all cause Dry Eye syndrome. In addition conditions such as seborrhaeic dermatitis and blepharitis can affect the tear production and exacerbate Dry Eye.
- Medications: antihypertensives, antihistamines and antidepressants can all reduce tear production.
- Gender: women can be more susceptible to Dry Eye syndrome due to hormonal changes, eg. at menopause, during pregnancy or when taking oral or injected contraception.
Management of Dry Eye[edit | edit source]
It is important to stress to the patient the risks of Dry Eye in Facial Palsy: ie. that it can lead to formation of a corneal
