Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Abbye Senn, Colleen Nalley, Lucinda hampton, Rachael Lowe, Elaine Lonnemann, Evan Thomas, WikiSysop, Fasuba Ayobami, Kim Jackson, Vidya Acharya and Amanda Ager
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 1 is a chronic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and disruption in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It occurs because of little or no insulin being produced in the body. It occurs in children or young adults, usually before the age of 30. It has an abrupt onset usually and most individuals have a thin or normal body weight at onset. It is managed by diet, exercise, and insulin injections. It can result in serious vessel vascular complications and neuropathies. It can be a major cause of cardiovascular disease and strokes, due to the effect it has on vessels and nerves. It is also the leading cause of end-stage renal (kidney) disease, non-traumatic amputations in the lower extremity, and new cases of blindness. Autoimmune, environmental, and genetic causes may put individuals at more risk than others of developing Type 1 DM.
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
- ~10% of all Diabetes cases are Type 1 DM
- 29.1 million Americans had Diabetes (2012)
- 1.25 million Americans had Type 1 DM (2012)
- 208,000 Americans under the age of 20 estimated to have Diabetes, which is 0.25% of the population
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
- Polyuria (increased urination)
- Polydipsia (increased thirst)
- Polyphagia (Increased appetite)*
- Glycosuria (glucose in urine)
- Weight loss despite polyphagia*
- Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose)
- Ketonuria (ketones in urine)
- Fatigue
- Generalized weakness
- Blurred vision
- Irritability
- Recurring skin, gum, bladder, vaginal, or other infections
- Numbness or tingling in hands or feet
- Cuts, scrapes, or bruises that are difficult or slow to heal
- Periarthritis (especially shoulder)*
- Hand stiffness
- = Occurs primarily in Type 1 Diabetes
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypertension
- Dislipidemia
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Blindness/Eye problems
- Kidney Disease
- Increased risk for cognitive decline/dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease)
- Sensory neuropathy, which can lead to trauma or ulceration, causing infection and ultimately may cause an amputation
- Charcot’s joint or neuropathic arthropathy (especially shoulder, hands, or feet)
- Diabetic Neuropathy
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis, resulting from high blood glucose levels that are not treated with increased insulin (usually in special circumstances of stress, trauma, surgery, pregnancy, puberty, or infectious states)
Medications[edit | edit source]
add text here
Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
add text here
Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
add text here
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
add text here
Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
add text here
Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the case study template)
Resources
[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
see tutorial on Adding PubMed Feed
Extension:RSS -- Error: Not a valid URL: addfeedhere|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10
References[edit | edit source]
see adding references tutorial.
