Cellulitis
== Definition/Description == Cellulitis is a localized bacterial skin infection, which typically affects the lower limbs but can occur on any area of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue It is characterized by acute onset of redness, inflammation, pain, and swelling of the affected area. Accompanying symptoms include generalized fever, rigors, nausea, and vomiting.[1]
The infection is most commonly caused by B-Hemolytic Streptococci bacteria and reoccurs up to 50% of the time in the lower extremity.[2] Most individuals diagnosed with cellulitis have a low risk of severe complications but few suffers can have severe sepsis, local gangrene, and/or necrotising fasciitis.[1]
A mild case of cellulitis[3]
A severe case of cellulitis that developed under a cast[3]
== Prevalence == *650,000 hospital admissions per year in the United States are due to cellulitis.[4] *When hospitalized, patients with recurrent cellulitis require longer hospitalizations relative to nonrelapsing cellulitis patients.[5] *From 1998-2006, 10% of all infectious-disease hospitalizations were related to cellulitis[5] *22-49% of patients who have cellulitis report at least one previous episode[5] *Recurrences, typically in the same location, occur approximately 14% of cellulitis cases within 1 year and in 45% of cases within 3 years[5]
== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == Typical symptoms include acute poorly demarcated and spreading erythema along with pain, swelling, and warmth of the lower extremity but can occur on any area of skin or underlying subcutaneous tissue.[2][5] Additional symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, and rigors[5].[6]Other features include proximal dilated and edematous skin lymphatics and bulla formation. Cellulitis predominantly has a unilateral presentation, most commonly in the lower extremity.[5]
Classic presentation of cellulitis: poorly demarcated erythema[7]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedTsai - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Medscape. Cellulitis. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214222-overview (accessed 27 Feb 2017).
- ↑ Raff AB, Kroshinsky D. Cellulitis: A Review. JAMA. 2016;316(3):325-37. http://jamanetwork.com/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/journals/jama/935437/ (accessed 27 Feb 2017).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRaff - ↑ Kilburn SA, Featherstone P, Higgins B, Brindle R. Interventions for cellulitis and erysipelas. (Cochrane review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(6):CD004299.
- ↑ Bailey E, Kroshinsky D. Cellulitis: Diagnosis and Management. Dermatologic Therapy. 2011;24:229–39.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2011.01398.x/full (accessed 15 Mar 2017).
