Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration

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Purpose
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The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) is designed to identify challenges related to the coordination of visual and motor skills in both children and adults[1]. Difficulties in this area can affect the learning ability of children, but can also be an early sign of dementia. It is the most commonly used standardized test for testing the Visual Motor Integration[2][3] and mainly employed in educational, medical, and research context[4].

The Beery VMI is composed of one central task: Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), and two additional tasks: Visual Perception (VP) and Motor Coordination (MC). The Visual Perception and Motor Coordination both gather more information concerning an individual's abilities in the event of a poor performance on the VMI.

Academic skills necessary for visual motor integration:

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Visual Perception
  • Visuomotor development

Intended population[edit | edit source]

  • Target group: Individuals aged 2-100 years[1][4]
  • Children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)[2]
  • Children with traumatic brain injury[5]
  • Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[5]

Technique
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  • Administration time: Visual Motor Integration approximately 10-15 min. The supplemental Visual Perception (VP) and Motor Coordination (MC) tasks approcimately 5 min each[4].

Evidence[edit | edit source]

The psychometric properties of the Beery VMI are:

  • Test-retest reliability of 0.88[1]
  • Interrater reliability of 0.93[1]
  • The Beery VMI stood out in terms of psychometric properties among other instruments assessing writing readiness[6].
  • The Beery VMI is considered to be a culture-free assessment tool[7][8][9][10]

Autism spectrum disorder:

  • Children with ASD encounter heightened challenges in visuomotor integration[2][11]. This difficulty extends to issues with handwriting[12].

Resources[edit | edit source]

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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Beery KE, Beery NA. The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration: Administration, scoring, and teaching manual (6th ed.). 2010; Minneapolis, MN: NSC Pearson
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Green RR, Bigler ED, Froehlich A, Prigge MBD, Travers BG, Cariello AN, Lainhart JE. Beery VMI performance in autism spectrum disorder. Child Neuropsychology. 2015;22(7),795-817
  3. ↑ Brown GT, Rodger S, Brown A, Roever C. A profile of Canadian pediatric occupational therapy practice. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. 2007; 21(4), 39-69
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 McCrimmon AW, Altomare AA, Matchullis RL, Jitlina K. Test Review: The Beery Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 2012; 30(6): 588-592
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sutton GP, Barchard KA, Bello DT, Thaler NS, Ringdahl E, Mayfield J, Allen DN. Beery-buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration performance in children with traumatic brain injury and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Assessment. 2011; 23(2): 805-809
  6. ↑ van Hartingsveldt MJ, de Groot IJM, Aarts PBM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG. Standardized tests of handwriting readiness: A systematic review of the literature. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2011; 53(6): 506-515
  7. ↑ Goyen TA, Duff S. Discriminant validity of the developmental test of visual-motor integration in relation to children with handwriting dysfunction. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2005; 52(2): 109-115
  8. ↑ Overvelde A, Hulstijn W. Handwriting development in grade 2 and grade 3 primary school children with normal, at risk, or dysgraphic characteristics. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(2): 540-548
  9. ↑ Parush S, Lifshitz N, Yochman A, Weintraub N. Relationships between handwriting components and underlying perceptual-motor functions among students during copying and dictation tasks. OTJR: Occupation, Participation & Health. 2010; 30(1): 39-48
  10. ↑ van Hoorn JF, Maathuis CGB, Peters LHJ, Hadders-Algra M. Handwriting, visuomotor integration, and neurological condition at school age. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2010; 52(10): 941-947
  11. ↑ Dowd AM, McGinley JL, Taffe JR, Rinehart NJ. Do planning and visual integration difficulties underpin motor dysfunction in autism? A kinematic study of young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2012; 42(8): 1539-1548
  12. ↑ Fuentes CT, Mostofsky SH, Bastian AJ. Perceptual reasoning predits handwriting impairments in adolescents with autism. Neurology. 2010; 75(20): 1825-1829
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