Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration: Difference between revisions

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== Purpose<br>  ==
== Purpose<br>  ==


The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) is designed to identify challenges related to the coordination of visual and motor skills in both children and adults<ref>Beery KE, Beery NA. The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual motor integration: Administration, scoring, and teaching manual (5th ed.). 2004; Cleveland, OH: Modern Curriculum Press</ref>. Difficulties in this area can affect the learning ability of children, but can also be an early sign of dementia. It is the most commonly used standardized test for testing the Visual Motor Integration<ref name=":0" />.
The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) is designed to identify challenges related to the coordination of visual and motor skills in both children and adults<ref name=":2">Beery KE, Beery NA. The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration: Administration, scoring, and teaching manual (6th ed.). 2010; Minneapolis, MN: NSC Pearson</ref>. Difficulties in this area can affect the learning ability of children, but can also be an early sign of dementia. It is the most commonly used standardized test for testing the Visual Motor Integration<ref name=":0" /><ref>Brown GT, Rodger S, Brown A, Roever C. A profile of Canadian pediatric occupational therapy practice. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. 2007; 21(4), 39-69</ref>.


Academic skills necessary for visual motor integration:
Academic skills necessary for visual motor integration:
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== Evidence  ==
== Evidence  ==
The psychometric properties of the Beery VMI are:
* Test-retest reliability of 0.88<ref name=":2" />
* Interrater reliability of 0.93<ref name=":2" />
* The Beery VMI stood out in terms of psychometric properties among other instruments assessing writing readiness<ref>van Hartingsveldt MJ, de Groot IJM, Aarts PBM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49825339_Standardized_tests_of_handwriting_readiness_A_systematic_review_of_the_literature Standardized tests of handwriting readiness: A systematic review of the literature.] Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2011; 53(6): 506-515</ref>.
* The Beery VMI is considered to be a culture-free assessment tool<ref>Goyen TA, Duff S. Discriminant validity of the developmental test of visual-motor integration in relation to children with handwriting dysfunction. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2005; 52(2): 109-115</ref><ref>Overvelde A, Hulstijn W. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49787840_Handwriting_development_in_grade_2_and_grade_3_primary_school_children_with_normal_at_risk_or_dysgraphic_characteristics Handwriting development in grade 2 and grade 3 primary school children with normal, at risk, or dysgraphic characteristics]. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(2): 540-548</ref><ref>Parush S, Lifshitz N, Yochman A, Weintraub N. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246797065_Relationships_Between_Handwriting_Components_and_Underlying_Perceptual-Motor_Functions_Among_Students_During_Copying_and_Dictation_Tasks Relationships between handwriting components and underlying perceptual-motor functions among students during copying and dictation tasks.] OTJR: Occupation, Participation & Health. 2010; 30(1): 39-48</ref><ref>van Hoorn JF, Maathuis CGB, Peters LHJ, Hadders-Algra M. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03715.x Handwriting, visuomotor integration, and neurological condition at school age.] Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2010; 52(10): 941-947</ref>


Autism spectrum disorder:  
Autism spectrum disorder:  

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Purpose
[edit | edit source]

The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) is designed to identify challenges related to the coordination of visual and motor skills in both children and adults[1]. Difficulties in this area can affect the learning ability of children, but can also be an early sign of dementia. It is the most commonly used standardized test for testing the Visual Motor Integration[2][3].

Academic skills necessary for visual motor integration:

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Visual Perception
  • Visuomotor development

Intended population[edit | edit source]

  • Target group: All ages
  • Children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)[2]
  • Children with traumatic brain injury[4]
  • Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[4]

Technique
[edit | edit source]

Describe how to carry out this assessment technique here

Evidence[edit | edit source]

The psychometric properties of the Beery VMI are:

  • Test-retest reliability of 0.88[1]
  • Interrater reliability of 0.93[1]
  • The Beery VMI stood out in terms of psychometric properties among other instruments assessing writing readiness[5].
  • The Beery VMI is considered to be a culture-free assessment tool[6][7][8][9]

Autism spectrum disorder:

  • Children with ASD encounter heightened challenges in visuomotor integration[2][10]. This difficulty extends to issues with handwriting[11].

Resources[edit | edit source]

add any relevant resources here

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Beery KE, Beery NA. The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration: Administration, scoring, and teaching manual (6th ed.). 2010; Minneapolis, MN: NSC Pearson
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Green RR, Bigler ED, Froehlich A, Prigge MBD, Travers BG, Cariello AN, Lainhart JE. Beery VMI performance in autism spectrum disorder. Child Neuropsychology. 2015;22(7),795-817
  3. ↑ Brown GT, Rodger S, Brown A, Roever C. A profile of Canadian pediatric occupational therapy practice. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. 2007; 21(4), 39-69
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sutton GP, Barchard KA, Bello DT, Thaler NS, Ringdahl E, Mayfield J, Allen DN. Beery-buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration performance in children with traumatic brain injury and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Assessment. 2011; 23(2): 805-809
  5. ↑ van Hartingsveldt MJ, de Groot IJM, Aarts PBM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG. Standardized tests of handwriting readiness: A systematic review of the literature. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2011; 53(6): 506-515
  6. ↑ Goyen TA, Duff S. Discriminant validity of the developmental test of visual-motor integration in relation to children with handwriting dysfunction. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2005; 52(2): 109-115
  7. ↑ Overvelde A, Hulstijn W. Handwriting development in grade 2 and grade 3 primary school children with normal, at risk, or dysgraphic characteristics. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(2): 540-548
  8. ↑ Parush S, Lifshitz N, Yochman A, Weintraub N. Relationships between handwriting components and underlying perceptual-motor functions among students during copying and dictation tasks. OTJR: Occupation, Participation & Health. 2010; 30(1): 39-48
  9. ↑ van Hoorn JF, Maathuis CGB, Peters LHJ, Hadders-Algra M. Handwriting, visuomotor integration, and neurological condition at school age. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2010; 52(10): 941-947
  10. ↑ Dowd AM, McGinley JL, Taffe JR, Rinehart NJ. Do planning and visual integration difficulties underpin motor dysfunction in autism? A kinematic study of young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2012; 42(8): 1539-1548
  11. ↑ Fuentes CT, Mostofsky SH, Bastian AJ. Perceptual reasoning predits handwriting impairments in adolescents with autism. Neurology. 2010; 75(20): 1825-1829
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