Bed Rest And Skeletal Muscle

Original Editor - Lucinda hampton

Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton  

Introduction

Muscle atrophy and muscle strength losses very rapidly occur with prolonged bed rest. Hospitalization of ≤5 days, being disuse/immobilization/ or prolonged time in the supine position bed, causes significant decreases in muscle mass and size. This in turn leads to functional decline.

• There is a logarithmic disuse-induced loss of strength and muscle atrophy.
• In the first 2 wks of bed rest, muscle strength decline is much faster than muscle atrophy.

Bed Rest: Metabolic Muscle Changes

The main matabolic musclular changes are insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility decrease in response to bed rest.

• Muscle glycogen build-up in bed rest decreases insulin sensitivity and storage of glycogen
• Lipid overload in muscles leads to lipotoxicity causing inflammation develop during bed rest
• Muscle metabolism from changes from fatty acid to glucose oxidation
• With long term bed rest internal mitochondrial alterations occur

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Exercise interventions significantly attenuated loss of muscle mass. This was the findings of a recent study.

The exercise interventions included resistive exercise (RE), resistive vibration exercise (RVE), flywheel resistive exercise, treadmill exercise with lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and a zero-gravity locomotion simulator (ZLS).

With exercise intervention, high rates of bone loss were still observed.

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