Foot and Ankle Assessment-Investigations and Tests
Original Editor - Rachael Lowe
Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Admin, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Samuel Adedigba, Jess Bell, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Shejza Mino, Khloud Shreif, Rachael Lowe, Kai A. Sigel, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Pinar Kisacik, Ahmed M Diab, Evan Thomas, Rucha Gadgil and Wanda van Niekerk
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Taking patient's history and completing an objective assessment is a gold standard of the foot and ankle assessment. The purpose of using special investigations and tests is to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
"We can't treat the patient just on x-rays or just on MRI findings. These things have to come together (with objective assessment)". Helene Simpson
Techniques[edit | edit source]
Investigations[edit | edit source]
X-Rays[edit | edit source]
Diagnostic Ultrasound[edit | edit source]
MRI[edit | edit source]
CT Scan[edit | edit source]
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
Functional Tests[edit | edit source]
- Small knee bend
- Sit to stand
- Squat
- Double heel raise
- Jump
- Single leg stand
- Single knee bend
- Single heel raise
- Hop
- Running
Additional details can be found on the Foot and Ankle Assessment page.
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
Special tests are utilized to prove or disprove the working hypothesis, as well as to identify dysfunctional structures/tissues. They include the following:
- Ottawa ankle rules (to determine if radiographs are indicated to rule out fracture)
- Ankle ligament stress tests
- Talar tilt test
- Anterior drawer of the ankle
- Eversion stress test
- Muscle tests (to assess functioning of the intrinsic & extrinsic muscles)
- Silfverskiöld test
- Squeeze test
- Windlass test
- Impingement sign ankle
- Navicular drop test
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Kris Porter DPT. Movement Screen of the Lower Quarter. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Windlass Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO0wREhjxH0&t=2s[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Thompsons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjwwWc1d5dg [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Ankle Anterior Drawer. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkrKU7MI93c [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Talar Tilt. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSvjmMMNGf0[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Squeeze Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANIUAmCt5t8[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Mortons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyfLdQJ--PA [last accessed 30/6/2021]