Menopause

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Definition[edit | edit source]

Natural menopause occurs when there is a complete, or near complete, ovarian follicular depletion of a female's ovaries. This results in the end of her menstrual cycle for 12 months, which is retrospectively determined. It occurs at a median age of 51.4 years and menopause before the age of 40 years old is considered abnormal. The months and years leading up to this are called peri-menopause.[1]

Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]

Clinical Exam[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of menopause and peri-menopause are:

  • hot flashes
  • vaginal dryness
  • sleep disturbances
  • mood symptoms
  • irregular bleeding or spotting, during peri-menopause

Additionally, after menopause, the risk of chronic diseases including osteoporosis, heart disease and risk increases.

Management[edit | edit source]

Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Menopause: Resource Overview. Available from https://www.acog.org/Womens-Health/Menopause