Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Difference between revisions

No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ashton Randolph|Ashton Randolph]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div>
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ashton Randolph|Ashton Randolph]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div>
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
[[File:Diabetes-528678 960 720.jpg|right|frameless]]
[[File:Diabetes-528678 960 720.jpg|right|frameless]]Diabetes (a chronic disease) can be managed effectively with lifestyle modifications (eg losing weight, diet and exercise) and use of pharmacological agents.<ref>Ngugi MP, Njagi JM, Kibiti CM, Miriti PM. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270282424_Pharmacological_Management_of_Diabetes_Mellitus Pharmacological Managemen t of Diabetes Mellitus.] Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2012;2:375-81. Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270282424_Pharmacological_Management_of_Diabetes_Mellitus (accessed 22.1.2023)</ref>
[[Diabetes|Diabetes mellitus]] is a disease characterized by the inability of peripheral tissues to uptake glucose, caused by a deficit in [[insulin]] or insulin intolerance. This disease is subdivided into two categories, [[Diabetes Mellitus Type 1|type 1]] and [[Diabetes Mellitus Type 2|type 2]].  


# Type 1 diabetes pertains to [[Autoimmune Disorders|autoimmune]] destruction of [[Pancreatic Cancer|pancreatic]] beta cells leading to the inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin.
Having an understanding of these medicines will allow physical therapists to identify medical emergencies, better manage treatment sessions, properly educate patients, and refer to the proper healthcare provider when warranted.
# Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin receptors are unresponsive or less sensitive to insulin.
 
Regardless of underlying pathology, both result in lower uptake of glucose in cells and high arterial glucose levels ([[hyperglycemia]]).<ref>Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (2014, January 01). American Diabetes Association, 37, 581-590.</ref>
 
== Physical Therapy Relevance ==
Physical therapists play a crucial role in the treatment of those with diabetes and complications caused by the disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO):
 
* The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014
* Prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries<ref name=":0">WHO [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes Diabetes] Available:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes (accessed 24.9.2021)</ref>
* It will be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030<ref>Diabetes. (2017, November 15). Retrieved from World Health Organization : <nowiki>http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes</nowiki></ref>.
* Diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications<ref name=":0" />.
 
With this kind of prevalence, encountering patients with diabetes is imminent, bolstering the importance of therapists to understand the disease, medications commonly used, and possible adverse effects. Having a clear understanding will allow physical therapists to identify medical emergencies, better manage treatment sessions, properly educate patients, and refer to the proper healthcare provider when warranted.


== Commonly Used Medications  ==
== Commonly Used Medications  ==

Revision as of 06:55, 22 January 2023

Original Editor - Ashton Randolph Top Contributors - Ashton Randolph, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson and Aminat Abolade

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Diabetes-528678 960 720.jpg

Diabetes (a chronic disease) can be managed effectively with lifestyle modifications (eg losing weight, diet and exercise) and use of pharmacological agents.[1]

Having an understanding of these medicines will allow physical therapists to identify medical emergencies, better manage treatment sessions, properly educate patients, and refer to the proper healthcare provider when warranted.

Commonly Used Medications[edit | edit source]

Insulin[edit | edit source]

Pramlintide[edit | edit source]

Metformin[edit | edit source]

Sulfonylureas[edit | edit source]

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

The treatment of diabetes is dictated by the specific pathophysiology of the diagnosis. Regardless of the specific etiology, it is imperative for a physical therapist to be aware of the intended effects, as well as possible side effects, eg hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, that may be prevalent with certain medications.

  • Maintaining proper glucose levels can prevent sequelae of the disease, and can also impact the treatment session.
  • Physical therapists are in a unique position because of the amount of time we spend with patients, and it is imperative that we play a role in monitoring their well-being.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Ngugi MP, Njagi JM, Kibiti CM, Miriti PM. Pharmacological Managemen t of Diabetes Mellitus. Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2012;2:375-81. Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270282424_Pharmacological_Management_of_Diabetes_Mellitus (accessed 22.1.2023)
Retrieved from "https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Pharmacological_Management_of_Diabetes_Mellitus&oldid=325762"