Spondylodiscitis: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 20:34, 25 April 2016
Original Editors - Lynn Leemans
Top Contributors - Ine Wittevrongel, Bo Hellinckx, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, Admin, WikiSysop, 127.0.0.1 and Claire Knott
Search Strategy[edit | edit source]
Keywords: Spondylodiscitis + Diagnosis / Therapy / Epidemiology / Rehabilitation / Rehabilitation / Examination / Symptoms / Characteristics / Clinical
Search engines: Pubmed Web of knowledge PEDro
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Spondylodiscitis can be defined as a primary infection (accompanied by destruction) of the intervertebral disc (discitis), with secondary infections of the vertebrae (spondylitis), starting at the endplates Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. It can lead to osteomyelitis of the spinal column Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. It has a high morbidity and mortality and is a rare but serious infection.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Pathogens causing spondylodiscitis are staphylococci, Escheria coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.Spinal infections can be described aetiologically as pyogenic, granulomatous (tuberculous, brucellar, fungal) and parasitic. Pyogenic spinal infections include: spondylodiscitis, a term encompassing vertebral osteomyelitis, spondylitis and discitis[Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The intervertebral disc is located between adjacent superior and inferior vertebral bodies. It has a central nucleus pulposus, which surrounds the annulus fibrosis and cartilaginous endplates. When the intervertebral disc is axially loaded, most the weight will be absorbed by the nucleus pulposus while the annulus assists in diffusing compression forces, carried out on the nucleus. The cartilaginous endplates are located along the central osseous endplates of adjacent vertebral bodies, and overlie the superior and inferior margins of the nucleus pulposus.[2]
A typical vertebra (vertebral body) is composed by the following parts:
- Body, the weight bearing part.
- Vertebral arch, which protects the spinal cord.
- Process spinosus
- Processes transverse, left and right.
- Articular processes, two superior and two inferior, that help to restrict the movements.[3]
Epidemiology /Etiology[edit | edit source]
According to scarce researches, the incidence of spondylodiscitis is 2.4/100,000 inhabitants. It increases with age. [4],[5] Men are up to three times more often affected than women.[6],[4] Predisposing factors include age, multimorbidity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases.[4] The causes of spondylodiscitis are assigned to a large number of bacteria, fungi, which is to be taken into consideration in diagnostic treatment of patients. The main causative organisms are staphylococci [7],[5],[6] and mycobacterium tuberculosis.[5],[8]
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Examination[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management[edit | edit source]
1. Conservative treatment:
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2. Surgery
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Physical Therapy Management[edit | edit source]
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Key Research[edit | edit source]
add links and reviews of high quality evidence here (case studies should be added on new pages using the case study template)
Resources
[edit | edit source]
- Pubmed (VUB BIBLIO)
- Web of Knowledge
- Pedro
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
see tutorial on Adding PubMed Feed
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References[edit | edit source]
see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ 16
- ↑ A.L. Baert et al., Imaging in percutaneous musculoskeletal interventions, Springer, 2009, 120p. Level of evidence: D
- ↑ V. Singh, General anatomy, Elsevier, 2008, 113p. Level of evidence: D
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ 6.0 6.1 N. Bettini et al., Evaluation of conservative treatment of non specific spondylodiscitis, Eur Spine J, 2009, 18 (Suppl 1):S143–S150. Level of evidence: B
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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