Bakody Sign: Difference between revisions
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<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor''- ''[[User:Ashmita Patrao|Ashmita Patrao]] Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div> | |||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
This test was designed to assess radicular pain at the C4-C6 | This test was designed to assess radicular pain, specially at the C4-C6 nerve roots. It is otherwise known as the shoulder abduction test. This test can be suggestive of cervical nerve involvement, but however isn't diagnostic of it. <ref>Schliesser JS, Kruse R, Fallon LF. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0161475403001544 Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation]: a retrospective study in a private practice setting. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2003 Nov 1;26(9):592-6.</ref><ref>Davis FA. Bakody sign [Internet]. Tabers online, Unbound medicine. Available from: https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/773522/all/Bakody_sign</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Dr John Bakody, a neurosurgeon developed this technique | Dr John Bakody, a neurosurgeon developed this technique in 1977 and published his findings in Surgical Neurology <ref>Johnson I. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/882910/ Bakody sign.] Surgical Neurology. 1977 Jun 1;7(6):370.</ref>. | ||
== Purpose == | == Purpose == | ||
It is used to diagnose cervical radiculopathy | It is used to diagnose [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Radiculopathy cervical radiculopathy] and is as definitive as the [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Spurling%27s_Test spurling's test], but is less painful. It can also be used in case of a herniated [[Disc Herniation|disc pathology]], spinal nerve root compression, or acute neck pain which may be neural related. | ||
== Procedure == | == Procedure == | ||
The subject could be sitting or lying down. The upper limb is actively or passively raised above the head with the palm of the hand touching the head. | |||
== Interpretation == | |||
'''Positive sign:''' Reduction in symptoms with the painful arm placed on top of the head. The suggested mechanism includes reduction of pain as the traction force to the nerves and the lower [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]] trunks are relieved. With the arm hanging at the side of one's body, the mechanical [[Traction for Neck Pain CPR|traction]] acting on the nerve increases, thus increasing symptoms. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | |||
'''Negative sign:''' Increase in the symptoms when the patient's hand is placed on the head. These symptoms are probably increased due to inter-scalene muscle compression. Thus placing the hand could be termed positive for inter-scalene compression and negative for Bakody sign.<ref name=":1">Jorgensen E. Bakody’s Sign: Cervical Radiculopathy Orthopaedic Test. Obtained from: https://healthcog.com/bakody-sign-position/.</ref><ref name=":0">Magee, David J. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders Elsevier, 2008.</ref> | |||
Here are 2 videos demonstrating the Bakody's test: | |||
<div class="row"> | |||
<div class="col-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|UIex5_XoU04|250}} </div><ref>The student physical therapist. Bakody's sign. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIex5_XoU04</ref> | |||
<div class="col-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|RXf8zwbQoMY|250}} </div><ref>True Health Medical. Bakody Orthopedic Test. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXf8zwbQoMY&ab_channel=TrueHealthMedical (accessed 23/05/2024). </ref> | |||
</div> | |||
== | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Special Tests]] | |||
[[Category:Assessment]] | |||
[[Category:Cervical Spine]] | |||
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Special Tests]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:24, 23 May 2024
Introduction[edit | edit source]
This test was designed to assess radicular pain, specially at the C4-C6 nerve roots. It is otherwise known as the shoulder abduction test. This test can be suggestive of cervical nerve involvement, but however isn't diagnostic of it. [1][2]
History[edit | edit source]
Dr John Bakody, a neurosurgeon developed this technique in 1977 and published his findings in Surgical Neurology [3].
Purpose[edit | edit source]
It is used to diagnose cervical radiculopathy and is as definitive as the spurling's test, but is less painful. It can also be used in case of a herniated disc pathology, spinal nerve root compression, or acute neck pain which may be neural related.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
The subject could be sitting or lying down. The upper limb is actively or passively raised above the head with the palm of the hand touching the head.
Interpretation[edit | edit source]
Positive sign: Reduction in symptoms with the painful arm placed on top of the head. The suggested mechanism includes reduction of pain as the traction force to the nerves and the lower brachial plexus trunks are relieved. With the arm hanging at the side of one's body, the mechanical traction acting on the nerve increases, thus increasing symptoms. [4][5]
Negative sign: Increase in the symptoms when the patient's hand is placed on the head. These symptoms are probably increased due to inter-scalene muscle compression. Thus placing the hand could be termed positive for inter-scalene compression and negative for Bakody sign.[5][4]
Here are 2 videos demonstrating the Bakody's test:
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Schliesser JS, Kruse R, Fallon LF. Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation: a retrospective study in a private practice setting. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2003 Nov 1;26(9):592-6.
- ↑ Davis FA. Bakody sign [Internet]. Tabers online, Unbound medicine. Available from: https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/773522/all/Bakody_sign
- ↑ Johnson I. Bakody sign. Surgical Neurology. 1977 Jun 1;7(6):370.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Magee, David J. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders Elsevier, 2008.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jorgensen E. Bakody’s Sign: Cervical Radiculopathy Orthopaedic Test. Obtained from: https://healthcog.com/bakody-sign-position/.
- ↑ The student physical therapist. Bakody's sign. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIex5_XoU04
- ↑ True Health Medical. Bakody Orthopedic Test. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXf8zwbQoMY&ab_channel=TrueHealthMedical (accessed 23/05/2024).
