Hydrotherapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Difference between revisions

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== Description   ==
== Description<br>  ==


'Hydrotherapy' also known as 'Aquatic Therapy' involves therapeutically immersing the body in water where the physical properties of altered density and gravity, hydorstatic pressure, buoyancy, viscosity and thermodynamics can be used to promote physiological change <ref name="Becker 2009">Becker BE. Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications.PM&amp;amp;amp;R; 2009,1;9:859-72</ref>. The bouyancy and turbulence of water facilitates weight relief and ease of movement during rehabilitation to promote safe movement exploration, strengthening, and functional activity training&nbsp;<ref name="Morris DM">Morris DM, Aquatic Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders .In: Cole AJ and Becker BE. Comprehensive Aquatic Therapy. 2nd edition. Philadephia: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004. p151-175.</ref>.&nbsp;<br>  
'Hydrotherapy' also known as '[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Aquatherapy Aquatic Therapy]' involves therapeutically immersing the body in water where the physical properties of altered density and gravity, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, viscosity and thermodynamics can be used to promote physiological change<ref>Becker BE. Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications.PM&amp;R; 2009,1;9:859-72</ref>. The buoyancy and turbulence of water facilitates weight relief and ease of movement during rehabilitation to promote safe movement exploration, strengthening, and functional activity training<ref>Morris DM, Aquatic Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders .In: Cole AJ and Becker BE. Comprehensive Aquatic Therapy. 2nd edition. Philadephia: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004. p151-175.</ref>.&nbsp;<br>  


== Indication<br>  ==
== Benefits    ==


Hydrotherapy is indicated in children with cererbal palsy. The main aim of aquatic therapy is:&nbsp;  
Hydrotherapy is indicated in children with cererbal palsy. The main benefits of aquatic therapy are:&nbsp;  


*Provides resistance  
*Water provides resistance in all planes and directions
*Encourages a wider range of movement and opposition  
*Encourages a wider range of movement and opposition  
*Alleviates stress and tension  
*Alleviates stress and tension  
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*Decreases post exercise discomfort
*Decreases post exercise discomfort


<h2> Safety Considerations and Outcome Measures </h2>
== Safety Considerations and Outcome Measures ==
<p>Absolute Contra-indications&nbsp;<span class="fck_mw_ref" _fck_mw_customtag="true" _fck_mw_tagname="ref" name="ATACP">Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. Guidance on Good Practice in Aquatic Physiotherapy. United Kingdom: Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists; 2015. Available from: http://atacp.csp.org.uk/guidance-good-practice-aquatic-physiotherapy-2015</span>
 
</p>
Absolute Contra-indications&nbsp;<ref>Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. Guidance on Good Practice in Aquatic Physiotherapy. United Kingdom: Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists; 2015. Available from: http://atacp.csp.org.uk/guidance-good-practice-aquatic-physiotherapy-2015</ref>  
<ul><li>Acute vomiting / diarrhoea
 
</li><li>Medical instability
*Acute vomiting / diarrhoea  
</li><li>Chlorine / Bromine allergy
*Medical instability  
</li><li>Resting angina
*Chlorine / Bromine allergy  
</li><li>Shortness of breath at rest
*Resting angina  
</li><li>Uncontrolled cardiac failure
*Shortness of breath at rest  
</li><li>High BMI limiting exit from pool
*Uncontrolled cardiac failure  
</li></ul>
*High BMI limiting exit from pool
<p><br />
 
</p><p>Relative Contra-indications
<br>  
</p>
 
<ul><li>Acute illness
Relative Contra-indications  
</li><li>Irradiated skin
 
</li><li>Known aneurysm
*Acute illness  
</li><li>Open infected wounds
*Irradiated skin  
</li><li>Poorly controlled epilepsy
*Known aneurysm  
</li><li>Unstable diabetes
*Open infected wounds  
</li><li>Exercise dependent O2 demand increases
*Poorly controlled epilepsy  
</li></ul>
*Unstable diabetes  
<p><br />
*Exercise dependent O2 demand increases
</p><p>Outcomes should be meaured in dimensions outlined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY)&nbsp;<span class="fck_mw_ref" _fck_mw_customtag="true" _fck_mw_tagname="ref" name="WHO - ICF-CY">World Health Organisation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF–CY), 2007.</span>.
 
</p><p><br />
<br>  
</p><p>Common motor function meaures utilised in Aquatic Therapy research:&nbsp;<span class="fck_mw_ref" _fck_mw_customtag="true" _fck_mw_tagname="ref">Jorgić B, Dimitrijević L, Lambeck J, Aleksandrović M, Okičić T, Madić D. EFFECTS OF AQUATIC PROGRAMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Sports Science. 2013 [cited 2016 Oct 21];5(2):49–56. Available from: http://www.sposci.com/PDFS/BR0502/SVEE/04%20CL%2009%20BJ.pdf.</span>
 
</p>
Outcomes should be meaured in dimensions outlined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY)&nbsp;<ref>World Health Organisation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF–CY), 2007.</ref>.  
<ul><li>Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)&nbsp;
 
</li><li>Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - functional skills
<br>  
</li><li>Dynamometer - muscle strength
 
</li><li>Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) - energy efficiency
Common motor function meaures utilised in Aquatic Therapy research:&nbsp;<ref>Jorgić B, Dimitrijević L, Lambeck J, Aleksandrović M, Okičić T, Madić D. EFFECTS OF AQUATIC PROGRAMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Sports Science. 2013 [cited 2016 Oct 21];5(2):49–56. Available from: http://www.sposci.com/PDFS/BR0502/SVEE/04%20CL%2009%20BJ.pdf.</ref>  
</li><li>3/5/6 minute walk tests
 
</li><li>Timed up and Go (TUG)
*Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)&nbsp;  
</li><li>Vital Capacity
*Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - functional skills  
</li><li>Goniometry - range of movement
*Dynamometer - muscle strength  
</li><li>Ashworth Scale - spasticity
*Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) - energy efficiency  
</li></ul>
*3/5/6 minute walk tests  
<p><br />
*Timed up and Go (TUG)  
</p><p>Swimming based measures:
*Vital Capacity  
</p>
*Goniometry - range of movement  
<ul><li>Aquatics Independence Measure
*Ashworth Scale - spasticity
</li><li>Water Orientation Test-Alyn 2 (WOTA)
 
</li></ul>
<br>  
<p><br />
 
</p><p>Social function measures:
Swimming based measures:  
</p>
 
<ul><li>PEDI - social function domain
*Aquatics Independence Measure  
</li><li>Pictoral scale of perceived competence
*Water Orientation Test-Alyn 2 (WOTA)
</li><li>Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
 
</li></ul>
<br>  
 
Social function measures:  
 
*PEDI - social function domain  
*Pictoral scale of perceived competence  
*Canadian Occupational Performance Measure


== Key Evidence  ==
== Key Evidence  ==
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== Resources  ==
== Resources  ==


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== Case Studies  ==


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== References ==
 
== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) ==
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== References ==


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[[Category:Cerebral Palsy]]
[[Category:Paediatrics]]
[[Category:Paediatrics - Interventions]]

Latest revision as of 16:36, 26 September 2023

Original Editors - Eoin McNamee

Top Contributors - Eoin McNamee, Sweta Christian, Candace Goh, 127.0.0.1, Naomi O'Reilly, WikiSysop, Kim Jackson, Amanda Ager, Chelsea Mclene and Ines Musabyemariya

Description[edit | edit source]

'Hydrotherapy' also known as 'Aquatic Therapy' involves therapeutically immersing the body in water where the physical properties of altered density and gravity, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, viscosity and thermodynamics can be used to promote physiological change[1]. The buoyancy and turbulence of water facilitates weight relief and ease of movement during rehabilitation to promote safe movement exploration, strengthening, and functional activity training[2]. 

Benefits[edit | edit source]

Hydrotherapy is indicated in children with cererbal palsy. The main benefits of aquatic therapy are: 

  • Water provides resistance in all planes and directions
  • Encourages a wider range of movement and opposition
  • Alleviates stress and tension
  • Reduces pain and tension in muscles and joints
  • Protects against injury
  • Improves cardiovascular conditioning since the heart pumps more blood per beat when body is submerged in water
  • Decreases post exercise discomfort

Safety Considerations and Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]

Absolute Contra-indications [3]

  • Acute vomiting / diarrhoea
  • Medical instability
  • Chlorine / Bromine allergy
  • Resting angina
  • Shortness of breath at rest
  • Uncontrolled cardiac failure
  • High BMI limiting exit from pool


Relative Contra-indications

  • Acute illness
  • Irradiated skin
  • Known aneurysm
  • Open infected wounds
  • Poorly controlled epilepsy
  • Unstable diabetes
  • Exercise dependent O2 demand increases


Outcomes should be meaured in dimensions outlined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) [4].


Common motor function meaures utilised in Aquatic Therapy research: [5]

  • Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) 
  • Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - functional skills
  • Dynamometer - muscle strength
  • Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) - energy efficiency
  • 3/5/6 minute walk tests
  • Timed up and Go (TUG)
  • Vital Capacity
  • Goniometry - range of movement
  • Ashworth Scale - spasticity


Swimming based measures:

  • Aquatics Independence Measure
  • Water Orientation Test-Alyn 2 (WOTA)


Social function measures:

  • PEDI - social function domain
  • Pictoral scale of perceived competence
  • Canadian Occupational Performance Measure

Key Evidence[edit | edit source]

Administered correctly, aquatic therapy can:

  • Improve muscle tone
  • Increase core strength
  • Enhance circulation
  • Improve cardiovascular functioning
  • Improve flexibility
  • Increase endurance
  • Extend range of motion
  • Reduce muscle spasticity
  • Elevate metabolism
  • Reduce sleep disturbances
  • Relieve joint stress
  • Improve muscle tone
  • Increase stability
  • Decrease pain and discomfort

Resources[edit | edit source]


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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Becker BE. Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications.PM&R; 2009,1;9:859-72
  2. ↑ Morris DM, Aquatic Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders .In: Cole AJ and Becker BE. Comprehensive Aquatic Therapy. 2nd edition. Philadephia: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004. p151-175.
  3. ↑ Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. Guidance on Good Practice in Aquatic Physiotherapy. United Kingdom: Aquatic Therapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists; 2015. Available from: http://atacp.csp.org.uk/guidance-good-practice-aquatic-physiotherapy-2015
  4. ↑ World Health Organisation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF–CY), 2007.
  5. ↑ Jorgić B, Dimitrijević L, Lambeck J, Aleksandrović M, Okičić T, Madić D. EFFECTS OF AQUATIC PROGRAMS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Sports Science. 2013 [cited 2016 Oct 21];5(2):49–56. Available from: http://www.sposci.com/PDFS/BR0502/SVEE/04%20CL%2009%20BJ.pdf.


 

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