Growth Hormone: Difference between revisions

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HGH acts on many parts of the body to promote growth in children. When the growth plates in the bones (epiphyses) have fused, HGH no longer increases height, but it still has important roles. In adulthood HGH impacts the bodies metabolism (how your body turns the food you eat into energy).
HGH acts on many parts of the body to promote growth in children. When the growth plates in the bones (epiphyses) have fused, HGH no longer increases height, but it still has important roles. In adulthood HGH impacts the bodies metabolism (how your body turns the food you eat into energy).


Growth: HGH induces growth in nearly every tissue and organ in the body. However, it is best known for its growth-promoting effect on cartilage and bone, especially in the adolescent years.  
# Growth: HGH induces growth in nearly every tissue and organ in the body. However, it is best known for its growth-promoting effect on cartilage and bone, especially in the adolescent years.  
 
# Metabolic Effects: HGH impacts metabolism primarily by up-regulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its subsequent effect on peripheral cells. Predominantly, cells move into an anabolic protein state with increased amino acid uptake, protein synthesis, and decreased catabolism of proteins. Most particularly it is known for its effect on bone growth and musculoskeletal anabolism  
Metabolic Effects: HGH impacts metabolism primarily by up-regulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its subsequent effect on peripheral cells. Predominantly, cells move into an anabolic protein state with increased amino acid uptake, protein synthesis, and decreased catabolism of proteins.  
# Regulation of lipid metabolism, body fat distribution, inflammation and vascular health . HGH secretion is effected by visceral fat. The adverse metabolic effects of increased visceral fat include HGH deficiency, with therapy to increase HGH significantly reduces visceral fat. Visceral fat accumulation is strongly associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk, whereas subcutaneous fat appears to be beneficial with respect to metabolic health   A 2015 review reinforces this, indicating that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) may be beneficial for people with obesity<ref>Stanley TL, Grinspoon SK. Effects of growth hormone–releasing hormone on visceral fat, metabolic, and cardiovascular indices in human studies. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2015 Apr 1;25(2):59-65. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324360/<nowiki/>(accessed 16.8.2022)</ref>.<ref name=":0" />
 
# Another role of  HGH is blood sugar level control. HGH indirectly acts on blood glucose levels through the regulation of IGF-1, which mimics insulin's effect in the body, helping control blood sugar levels.<ref>Gilmore Health Role of HGH on Glucose Homeostasis in Humans Available:https://www.gilmorehealth.com/role-of-hgh-on-glucose-homeostasis-in-humans/ (accessed 16.8.2022)</ref>
In addition to its effects on bone growth and musculoskeletal anabolism, HGH plays in important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, body fat distribution, inflammation and vascular health . Examples of HGH effects on metabolism include: the adverse metabolic effects of increased visceral fat include HGH deficiency, whereas therapy to augment HGH significantly reduces visceral fat. Visceral fat accumulation is strongly associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk, whereas subcutaneous fat, particularly that stored in the gluteofemoral region, appears to be beneficial with respect to metabolic health   A 2015 review reinforces this, indicating that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) may be beneficial for people with obesity<ref>Stanley TL, Grinspoon SK. Effects of growth hormone–releasing hormone on visceral fat, metabolic, and cardiovascular indices in human studies. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2015 Apr 1;25(2):59-65. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324360/<nowiki/>(accessed 16.8.2022)</ref>.<ref name=":0" />  
 
Another role of  HGH is blood sugar level control. HGH indirectly acts on blood glucose levels through the regulation of IGF-1, which mimics insulin's effect in the body, helping control blood sugar levels.<ref>Gilmore Health Role of HGH on Glucose Homeostasis in Humans Available:https://www.gilmorehealth.com/role-of-hgh-on-glucose-homeostasis-in-humans/ (accessed 16.8.2022)</ref>
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Revision as of 02:20, 17 August 2022

Original Editor - Lucinda hampton

Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton and Vidya Acharya  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

HGH function

Human growth hormone (HGH), also known as somatotropin, is a 191 amino acid single-chain polypeptide. It is produced by somatotropic cells within the anterior pituitary gland.[1]

HGH is secreted in a pulsatory way, generally following a circadian rhythm. Various physiological stimuli can cause HGH secretion, with the most influential non-pharmacological stimuli being sleep and exercise.

HGH has numerous roles throughout life, from growth itself (including the turnover of muscle, bone and collagen) to the regulation of particular aspects of metabolic function, for example increased fat metabolism and the maintenance of a healthier body composition in later life.[2]

IGF-1 is a hormone that manages the effects of HGH in the body. Together, IGF-1 and GH promote normal growth of bones and tissues.[3]

HGH Roles in Childhood and Adulthood[edit | edit source]

Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex

HGH acts on many parts of the body to promote growth in children. When the growth plates in the bones (epiphyses) have fused, HGH no longer increases height, but it still has important roles. In adulthood HGH impacts the bodies metabolism (how your body turns the food you eat into energy).

  1. Growth: HGH induces growth in nearly every tissue and organ in the body. However, it is best known for its growth-promoting effect on cartilage and bone, especially in the adolescent years.
  2. Metabolic Effects: HGH impacts metabolism primarily by up-regulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its subsequent effect on peripheral cells. Predominantly, cells move into an anabolic protein state with increased amino acid uptake, protein synthesis, and decreased catabolism of proteins. Most particularly it is known for its effect on bone growth and musculoskeletal anabolism
  3. Regulation of lipid metabolism, body fat distribution, inflammation and vascular health . HGH secretion is effected by visceral fat. The adverse metabolic effects of increased visceral fat include HGH deficiency, with therapy to increase HGH significantly reduces visceral fat. Visceral fat accumulation is strongly associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk, whereas subcutaneous fat appears to be beneficial with respect to metabolic health   A 2015 review reinforces this, indicating that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) may be beneficial for people with obesity[4].[1]
  4. Another role of HGH is blood sugar level control. HGH indirectly acts on blood glucose levels through the regulation of IGF-1, which mimics insulin's effect in the body, helping control blood sugar levels.[5]

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Resources[edit | edit source]

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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brinkman JE, Tariq MA, Leavitt L, Sharma S. Physiology, Growth Hormone. InStatPearls [Internet] 2020 May 16. StatPearls Publishing. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482141/ (accessed 16.8.2022)
  2. ↑ Godfrey RJ, Madgwick Z, Whyte GP. The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports medicine. 2003 Jul;33(8):599-613. Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12797841/ (accessed 16.8.2022)
  3. ↑ Medline plus IGF 1 Test Available:https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/ (accessed 16.8.2022)
  4. ↑ Stanley TL, Grinspoon SK. Effects of growth hormone–releasing hormone on visceral fat, metabolic, and cardiovascular indices in human studies. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2015 Apr 1;25(2):59-65. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324360/(accessed 16.8.2022)
  5. ↑ Gilmore Health Role of HGH on Glucose Homeostasis in Humans Available:https://www.gilmorehealth.com/role-of-hgh-on-glucose-homeostasis-in-humans/ (accessed 16.8.2022)
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