Epigenetics: Difference between revisions
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== Epigenetics and Exercise Effects == | == Epigenetics and Exercise Effects == | ||
It is now established that exercise is an important “medicine”. Examples of the role exercise can play in epigenetics include: | It is now established that exercise is an important “medicine”. Examples of the role exercise can play in epigenetics include: | ||
Lifelong physical activity is associated with promoter hypomethylation of genes involved in metabolism, myogenesis, contractile properties and oxidative stress resistance in aged human skeletal muscle. | |||
Exercise is able to attenuate or reverse some of the high‐fat diet associated methylation patterns. Many of the genes found to be differentially methylated are implicated in metabolic functions, such as regulation of oxidative metabolism and glucose transportation, which have obvious significance for offspring. | Exercise is able to attenuate or reverse some of the high‐fat diet associated methylation patterns. Many of the genes found to be differentially methylated are implicated in metabolic functions, such as regulation of oxidative metabolism and glucose transportation, which have obvious significance for offspring. |
Revision as of 09:57, 25 July 2022
Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton and Chelsea Mclene
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Epigenetics is the study of heritable and stable changes in gene expression that occur through adjustments in the chromosome rather than in the DNA sequence. They do not directly altering the DNA sequence rather epigenetic mechanisms are able to regulate gene expression through chemical modifications of DNA bases and changes to the chromosomal superstructure in which DNA is packaged[1].
Epigenetics affects how genes are read by cells, and subsequently whether the cells should produce relevant proteins, in effect controlling our genes. e.g determining a cell’s specialization (e.g., skin cell, blood cell, hair cell, liver cells, etc.) as a fetus develops into a baby through gene expression (active) or silencing (dormant); and also through nurture with environmental stimuli having the ability to cause genes to be turned off or turned on[2].
The different combinations of genes that are turned on or off is what makes each one of us unique. Eg if we have brown or black hair, how sociable you are, how a oyster tastes to us. Additionally there have been indications that some epigenetic changes can even be inherited.[2]
Epigenetics and Exercise Effects[edit | edit source]
It is now established that exercise is an important “medicine”. Examples of the role exercise can play in epigenetics include:
Lifelong physical activity is associated with promoter hypomethylation of genes involved in metabolism, myogenesis, contractile properties and oxidative stress resistance in aged human skeletal muscle.
Exercise is able to attenuate or reverse some of the high‐fat diet associated methylation patterns. Many of the genes found to be differentially methylated are implicated in metabolic functions, such as regulation of oxidative metabolism and glucose transportation, which have obvious significance for offspring.
Exercise has also been shown to impact cognitive development, as hippocampal DNA methylation was found to be lower in exercise‐offspring. This shows that epigenetic intergenerational outcomes appear to be consistent with epigenetic alterations in people who regularly exercise.
Both acute and chronic exercise interventions have been shown to induce a number of epigenetic modifications within the exercise host. In human skeletal muscle, decreased whole genome methylation and decreased methylation of promoter regions of key metabolic genes (i.e., Pgc‐1 alpha, PDK4, and PPAR delta) was observed after completing a single‐session of cycling at 80% of VO2peak (Barres et al., 2012). Similarly, three months of regular single‐knee extension exercise showed genome‐wide DNA methylation alterations that were not observed in the untrained leg (Lindholm et al., 2014). Global‐DNA methylation changes were als
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Al Aboud NM, Tupper C, Jialal I. Genetics, epigenetic mechanism. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532999/ (accessed 25.7.2022)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 What is epigenetics A Super Brief and Basic Explanation of Epigenetics for Total Beginners Available: https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/what-is-epigenetics/(accessed 25.7.2022)