Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality Framework: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The | The right to health imposes four essential standards on healthcare services: Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality (AAAQ) Framework. The AAAQ framework is often used to describe health service delivery and we will use this model to look at rehabilitation in health systems.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== '''Availability''' == | |||
Availability of services requires that public health and healthcare facilities are available in sufficient quantity, taking into account a country’s developmental and economic condition. | |||
= | In low-resource countries, there are often little or no rehabilitation services available. Where it is available, rehabilitation is often concentrated in urban centres or is delivered by NGOs which means the services are not integrated into the local health service system.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== | == '''Accessibility''' == | ||
The health system has to be accessible to all. Accessibility has four overlapping dimensions: | |||
# '''Non-discrimination''' | |||
#* Health facilities, goods and services must be accessible to all, especially the most vulnerable. | |||
# Physical accessibility | |||
#* Health facilities, goods and services must be within safe physical reach of all parts of the population. | |||
# Economic Accessibility (affordability) | |||
#* Health services must be affordable for all. Access can be limited by expense, the need to pay out-of-pocket or long wait times.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
# Information Accessibility | |||
#* ccessibility includes the right to seek, receive, and impart information concerning health issues. For example, governments must ensure that young people have access to sexual and reproductive health education and information presented in an unbiased manner. | |||
== '''Acceptability''' == | |||
Acceptability requires that health services are ethically and culturally appropriate, i.e. respectful of individuals, minorities, peoples, and communities, and sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements. Rehabilitation services must be ethically and culturally appropriate to the populations they serve.<ref name=":0" /> Data of more than 280,000 service users over a 30 year period found that fewer women and girls attended rehabilitation across all health conditions. Further research is indicated to understand the exclusion of women and girls from rehabilitation services as it affects their potential and has a negative impact on their families and greater communities.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">Barth CA, Wladis, A, Blake C, Bhandarkar P, O’Sullivan C, (2020) Users of rehabilitation services in 14 countries and territories affected by conflict, 1988-2018. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 2020 September 98:599-614 </ref> | |||
== '''Quality''' == | |||
Quality requires that health services must be scientifically and medically appropriate and of the highest quality. Underpinning the quality of rehabilitation services is evidenced-based practice. Unfortunately, there is a mismatch between where rehabilitation research is conducted, with relatively little being done in low-resource contexts.<ref name=":0" /> A 2020 systematic review of interventions for persons with stroke from low- and middle-income countries found only 62 studies, 44 of which were conducted in India.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Dee M, Lennon O, O’Sullivan C (2020) A Systematic Review of Physical Rehabilitation Interventions for Stroke in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Disability and Rehabilitation. 42:4, 473-501.</ref> This exemplifies the lack of rehabilitation research carried out in low- and middle-income contexts. Another factor limiting the quality of rehabilitation is the inability to access meaningful research. This may be due to a lack of relevancy to the context, articles/research may be blocked by a paywall or there may be a language barrier in terms of reading the research and translating knowledge.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 00:17, 31 May 2022
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Naomi O'Reilly, Kim Jackson, Kirenga Bamurange Liliane and Nupur Smit Shah
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The right to health imposes four essential standards on healthcare services: Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality (AAAQ) Framework. The AAAQ framework is often used to describe health service delivery and we will use this model to look at rehabilitation in health systems.[1]
Availability[edit | edit source]
Availability of services requires that public health and healthcare facilities are available in sufficient quantity, taking into account a country’s developmental and economic condition.
In low-resource countries, there are often little or no rehabilitation services available. Where it is available, rehabilitation is often concentrated in urban centres or is delivered by NGOs which means the services are not integrated into the local health service system.[1]
Accessibility[edit | edit source]
The health system has to be accessible to all. Accessibility has four overlapping dimensions:
- Non-discrimination
- Health facilities, goods and services must be accessible to all, especially the most vulnerable.
- Physical accessibility
- Health facilities, goods and services must be within safe physical reach of all parts of the population.
- Economic Accessibility (affordability)
- Health services must be affordable for all. Access can be limited by expense, the need to pay out-of-pocket or long wait times.[1]
- Information Accessibility
- ccessibility includes the right to seek, receive, and impart information concerning health issues. For example, governments must ensure that young people have access to sexual and reproductive health education and information presented in an unbiased manner.
Acceptability[edit | edit source]
Acceptability requires that health services are ethically and culturally appropriate, i.e. respectful of individuals, minorities, peoples, and communities, and sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements. Rehabilitation services must be ethically and culturally appropriate to the populations they serve.[1] Data of more than 280,000 service users over a 30 year period found that fewer women and girls attended rehabilitation across all health conditions. Further research is indicated to understand the exclusion of women and girls from rehabilitation services as it affects their potential and has a negative impact on their families and greater communities.[1][2]
Quality[edit | edit source]
Quality requires that health services must be scientifically and medically appropriate and of the highest quality. Underpinning the quality of rehabilitation services is evidenced-based practice. Unfortunately, there is a mismatch between where rehabilitation research is conducted, with relatively little being done in low-resource contexts.[1] A 2020 systematic review of interventions for persons with stroke from low- and middle-income countries found only 62 studies, 44 of which were conducted in India.[1][3] This exemplifies the lack of rehabilitation research carried out in low- and middle-income contexts. Another factor limiting the quality of rehabilitation is the inability to access meaningful research. This may be due to a lack of relevancy to the context, articles/research may be blocked by a paywall or there may be a language barrier in terms of reading the research and translating knowledge.[1]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ Barth CA, Wladis, A, Blake C, Bhandarkar P, O’Sullivan C, (2020) Users of rehabilitation services in 14 countries and territories affected by conflict, 1988-2018. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 2020 September 98:599-614
- ↑ Dee M, Lennon O, O’Sullivan C (2020) A Systematic Review of Physical Rehabilitation Interventions for Stroke in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Disability and Rehabilitation. 42:4, 473-501.
