An Overview of Rehabilitation for Doctors: Difference between revisions
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A study in 2019 found that there were 2.4 billion people worldwide who were living with a health condition that would benefit from rehabilitation at some point in the course of their illness or injury, which equates to about one in three people in the world.<ref name=":0">Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Dec [cited 2022 May 16];396(10267):2006–17. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32340-0/fulltext</nowiki> | A study in 2019 found that there were 2.4 billion people worldwide who were living with a health condition that would benefit from rehabilitation at some point in the course of their illness or injury, which equates to about one in three people in the world.<ref name=":0">Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Dec [cited 2022 May 16];396(10267):2006–17. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32340-0/fulltext</nowiki> | ||
</ref> This was equivalent to 310 million years of life lived with disability.<ref name=":0" /> These numbers have already increased by 63% since about 30 years ago and are expected to continue to increase significantly as the global population grows, ages, and lives longer, many with chronic conditions and non-communicable diseases.<ref name=":0" /><ref>World. Rehabilitation [Internet]. Who.int. World Health Organization: WHO; 2021 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation</nowiki> | </ref> This was equivalent to 310 million years of life lived with disability.<ref name=":0" /> These numbers have already increased by 63% since about 30 years ago and are expected to continue to increase significantly as the global population grows, ages, and lives longer, many with chronic conditions and non-communicable diseases.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">World. Rehabilitation [Internet]. Who.int. World Health Organization: WHO; 2021 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation</nowiki> | ||
</ref> The three largest groups of health conditions found to contribute to disability were musculoskeletal disorders, sensory impairments, and neurological disorders.<ref name=":0" /> | </ref> The three largest groups of health conditions found to contribute to disability were musculoskeletal disorders, sensory impairments, and neurological disorders.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Unfortunately, many people who require rehabilitation are not receiving it. More than half of the people who need rehabilitation in some low- and middle-income countries do not receive it.<ref name=":1" /> By 2050, low- and middle-income countries will be home to 80% of the global population aged 60 and up.<ref>Chatterji S, Byles J, Cutler D, Seeman T, Verdes E. Health, functioning, and disability in older adults—present status and future implications. The Lancet [Internet]. 2015 Feb [cited 2022 May 16];385(9967):563–75. Available from: <nowiki>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25468158/</nowiki> | |||
</ref> Rehabilitation in many countries is often under-resourced and seen as a backup for when other interventions fail. <ref name=":0" /> The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified that, among other factors, one of the barriers we face is ineffective and under-utilised referral pathways to rehabilitation.<ref name=":1" /> Cieza and colleagues suggest that rehabilitation services need better integration into the health system at the primary care level.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Misconceptions exist about who needs rehabilitation services: that it is only for people with certain long-term impairments or disabilities, that it's a luxury service, or that it's only for when other interventions fail. In reality, anyone can require rehabilitation at some point in the course of their lives and it is a core healthcare service that should be available to all who need it.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
'''Definition''' | |||
The WHO defines rehabilitation as the following:<blockquote>"A set of interventions designed to optimise functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment... rehabilitation helps a child, adult, or older person to be as independent as possible in everyday activities and enables participation in education, work, recreation, and meaningful life roles such as taking care of family." <ref name=":1" /></blockquote>Rehabilitation is accomplished through selecting evidence-based and person-centred interventions to address conditions and limitations, improve function, and provide support. It can play a big role in health promotion, maintenance, and prevention. Specific goals will differ person to person depending on their goals and preferences. <ref name=":1" /> | |||
Rehabilitation professionals will typically go through a process that includes some or all of the following: | |||
* Assessment | |||
* Diagnosis | |||
* Planning | |||
* Education | |||
* Intervention | |||
* Evaluation/re-evaluation | |||
* Collaboration | |||
'''Where Does Rehabilitation Occur?''' | |||
* Hospitals (inpatient/outpatient) | |||
* Private clinics | |||
* Institutions (e.g. schools, prisons) | |||
* Rehabilitation centres | |||
* Community settings (e.g. an individual's home) | |||
* Long-term care | |||
* Workplaces | |||
* And more<ref name=":1" /> | |||
'''Benefits of Rehabilitation''' | |||
On an individual level, rehabilitation can reduce the impact of health conditions; minimise or delay the effects of chronic conditions; increase independence; enable participation in work, school, and other life activities; and improve quality of life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Stucki G, Bickenbach J, Gutenbrunner C, Melvin J. Rehabilitation: The health strategy of the 21st century. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 16];50(4):309–16. Available from: <nowiki>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28140419/</nowiki> | |||
</ref> For example, if everyone who had hearing loss who required a hearing aid used one, the associated disability would be decreased by 59%.<ref>Global and regional needs, unmet needs and access to hearing aids [Internet]. International Journal of Audiology. 2020 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14992027.2020.1721577?journalCode=iija20</nowiki> | |||
</ref> | |||
On a system and societal level, rehabilitation can reduce hospitalisation and length of stays, prevent readmissions, and subsequently reduce overall costs.<ref name=":1" /> In addition, it allows individuals to continue to contribute to and participate in society as fully as possible for as long as possible.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
== The Rehabilitation Team == | == The Rehabilitation Team == |
Revision as of 01:38, 17 May 2022
Original Editor - Daphne Xuan
Top Contributors - Daphne Xuan, Ewa Jaraczewska, Tarina van der Stockt, Kim Jackson and Jess Bell
What Is Rehabilitation?[edit | edit source]
A Global Need
A study in 2019 found that there were 2.4 billion people worldwide who were living with a health condition that would benefit from rehabilitation at some point in the course of their illness or injury, which equates to about one in three people in the world.[1] This was equivalent to 310 million years of life lived with disability.[1] These numbers have already increased by 63% since about 30 years ago and are expected to continue to increase significantly as the global population grows, ages, and lives longer, many with chronic conditions and non-communicable diseases.[1][2] The three largest groups of health conditions found to contribute to disability were musculoskeletal disorders, sensory impairments, and neurological disorders.[1]
Unfortunately, many people who require rehabilitation are not receiving it. More than half of the people who need rehabilitation in some low- and middle-income countries do not receive it.[2] By 2050, low- and middle-income countries will be home to 80% of the global population aged 60 and up.[3] Rehabilitation in many countries is often under-resourced and seen as a backup for when other interventions fail. [1] The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified that, among other factors, one of the barriers we face is ineffective and under-utilised referral pathways to rehabilitation.[2] Cieza and colleagues suggest that rehabilitation services need better integration into the health system at the primary care level.[1]
Misconceptions exist about who needs rehabilitation services: that it is only for people with certain long-term impairments or disabilities, that it's a luxury service, or that it's only for when other interventions fail. In reality, anyone can require rehabilitation at some point in the course of their lives and it is a core healthcare service that should be available to all who need it.[2]
Definition
The WHO defines rehabilitation as the following:
"A set of interventions designed to optimise functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment... rehabilitation helps a child, adult, or older person to be as independent as possible in everyday activities and enables participation in education, work, recreation, and meaningful life roles such as taking care of family." [2]
Rehabilitation is accomplished through selecting evidence-based and person-centred interventions to address conditions and limitations, improve function, and provide support. It can play a big role in health promotion, maintenance, and prevention. Specific goals will differ person to person depending on their goals and preferences. [2]
Rehabilitation professionals will typically go through a process that includes some or all of the following:
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Education
- Intervention
- Evaluation/re-evaluation
- Collaboration
Where Does Rehabilitation Occur?
- Hospitals (inpatient/outpatient)
- Private clinics
- Institutions (e.g. schools, prisons)
- Rehabilitation centres
- Community settings (e.g. an individual's home)
- Long-term care
- Workplaces
- And more[2]
Benefits of Rehabilitation
On an individual level, rehabilitation can reduce the impact of health conditions; minimise or delay the effects of chronic conditions; increase independence; enable participation in work, school, and other life activities; and improve quality of life.[1][2][4] For example, if everyone who had hearing loss who required a hearing aid used one, the associated disability would be decreased by 59%.[5]
On a system and societal level, rehabilitation can reduce hospitalisation and length of stays, prevent readmissions, and subsequently reduce overall costs.[2] In addition, it allows individuals to continue to contribute to and participate in society as fully as possible for as long as possible.[4]
The Rehabilitation Team[edit | edit source]
The Role of Doctors on the Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Team[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
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or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Dec [cited 2022 May 16];396(10267):2006–17. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32340-0/fulltext
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 World. Rehabilitation [Internet]. Who.int. World Health Organization: WHO; 2021 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation
- ↑ Chatterji S, Byles J, Cutler D, Seeman T, Verdes E. Health, functioning, and disability in older adults—present status and future implications. The Lancet [Internet]. 2015 Feb [cited 2022 May 16];385(9967):563–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25468158/
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Stucki G, Bickenbach J, Gutenbrunner C, Melvin J. Rehabilitation: The health strategy of the 21st century. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 16];50(4):309–16. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28140419/
- ↑ Global and regional needs, unmet needs and access to hearing aids [Internet]. International Journal of Audiology. 2020 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14992027.2020.1721577?journalCode=iija20