Scarf Test: Difference between revisions
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'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
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== Purpose == | == Purpose == | ||
The scarf test, also known as the '''cross-body adduction test''', is used to assess the integrity of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. | The scarf test, also known as the '''cross-body adduction test''', is used to assess the integrity of the [[Acromioclavicular Joint|acromioclavicular (AC) joint]]. | ||
== Technique == | == Technique == | ||
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This position results in compression of the medial acromial facet against the distal clavicle to provoke symptoms at the acromioclavicular joint <ref name=":0" />. | This position results in compression of the medial acromial facet against the distal clavicle to provoke symptoms at the acromioclavicular joint <ref name=":0" />. | ||
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== Interpretation == | == Interpretation == | ||
This test is considered positive if the maneuver successfully reproduces the patient's symptoms of pain localized over the AC joint <ref name=":0" />. | This test is considered positive if the maneuver successfully reproduces the patient's symptoms of pain localized over the AC joint <ref name=":0" />. | ||
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== Validity == | == Validity == | ||
The diagnostic accuracy of this test for AC joint pathology is the following: | The diagnostic accuracy of this test for AC joint pathology is the following: | ||
* Sensitivity = 0.77 | * Sensitivity = 0.77 - 1.00 <ref name=":1">Huijbregts PA. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/jmt.2006.14.2.19E?journalCode=yjmt20 Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity of Acromioclavicular Joint Physical Examination Tests: A Systematic Review].</ref> | ||
* Specificity = 0.79 | * Specificity = 0.79 <ref name=":1" /> | ||
* +LR = 3.67/-LR = 0.29 | * +LR = 3.67/-LR = 0.29 | ||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
Currently, | Currently, research supports special interpretation of a number of different tests performed in a physical examination to render a diagnosis of painful AC joint dysfunction <ref name=":1" />. The following is a summary: | ||
* '''Ruling out painful AC joint dysfunction:''' Negative findings on the cross-body adduction test, tenderness on palpation of the ACJ, and Paxinos sign <ref name=":1" /> | |||
* '''Ruling in painful AC joint dysfunction:''' Positive findings on the cross-body adduction test, active compression test, and the AC resisted extension test <ref name=":1" />. | |||
== Differential Diagnoses == | == Differential Diagnoses == | ||
Reproduction | Reproduction of pain with the cross-body adduction maneuver may also occur in conditions such as posterior capsule tightness and subacromial impingement<ref name=":2" />. | ||
= | Additionally, restricted range of motion more likely suggests [[Frozen Shoulder|adhesive capsulitis]] or glenohumeral arthritis, and is very uncommonly associated with [[Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders|AC joint pathology]] <ref name=":2">Owens BD. Acromioclavicular joint injury [Internet]. Medscape; 2018 [cited 2020 Dec07]. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/92337-clinical#b3</ref>. | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Shoulder - Anatomy]] | |||
[[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]] | |||
[[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]] | |||
[[Category:Special Tests]] | |||
[[Category:Shoulder - Special Tests]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:01, 1 March 2022
Original Editor - Shejza Mino
Top Contributors - Shejza Mino, Kim Jackson and Manisha Shrestha
Purpose[edit | edit source]
The scarf test, also known as the cross-body adduction test, is used to assess the integrity of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.
Technique[edit | edit source]
The test is performed by passively bringing the patient's arm into 90 degrees of forward flexion, with their elbow also flexed to 90 degrees. The examiner then horizontally adducts the flexed arm across the patient's body, bringing their elbow towards the contralateral shoulder [1].
This position results in compression of the medial acromial facet against the distal clavicle to provoke symptoms at the acromioclavicular joint [1].
Interpretation[edit | edit source]
This test is considered positive if the maneuver successfully reproduces the patient's symptoms of pain localized over the AC joint [1].
A positive test is usually suggestive of AC joint osteoarthritis or a ligamentous injury to the AC joint (i.e., ligament sprain or joint separation).
Validity[edit | edit source]
The diagnostic accuracy of this test for AC joint pathology is the following:
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Currently, research supports special interpretation of a number of different tests performed in a physical examination to render a diagnosis of painful AC joint dysfunction [2]. The following is a summary:
- Ruling out painful AC joint dysfunction: Negative findings on the cross-body adduction test, tenderness on palpation of the ACJ, and Paxinos sign [2]
- Ruling in painful AC joint dysfunction: Positive findings on the cross-body adduction test, active compression test, and the AC resisted extension test [2].
Differential Diagnoses[edit | edit source]
Reproduction of pain with the cross-body adduction maneuver may also occur in conditions such as posterior capsule tightness and subacromial impingement[3].
Additionally, restricted range of motion more likely suggests adhesive capsulitis or glenohumeral arthritis, and is very uncommonly associated with AC joint pathology [3].
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. JBJS. 2005 Jul 1;87(7):1446-55.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Huijbregts PA. Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity of Acromioclavicular Joint Physical Examination Tests: A Systematic Review.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Owens BD. Acromioclavicular joint injury [Internet]. Medscape; 2018 [cited 2020 Dec07]. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/92337-clinical#b3
