Insufficiency Fracture: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone<ref>Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/insufficiency-fracture Insufficiency Fractures] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/insufficiency-fracture (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref>. | Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone<ref name=":0">Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/insufficiency-fracture Insufficiency Fractures] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/insufficiency-fracture (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref>. | ||
* They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as tumours (both malignant and benign). | * They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as tumours (both malignant and benign). | ||
* Insufficiency fractures can occur throughout the skeleton but are common in the tibia, femoral head and neck, sacrum, pelvis, and feet. They are most commonly associated with osteopenic or osteoporotic bone and the female athlete triad in young athletes. <ref>Tranovich MJ, Wright VJ. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09238-6_16 Insufficiency Fractures. InStress Fractures in Athletes] 2015 (pp. 223-237). Springer, Cham.Available from:https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09238-6_16 (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref> | * Insufficiency fractures can occur throughout the skeleton but are common in the tibia, femoral head and neck, sacrum, pelvis, and feet. They are most commonly associated with osteopenic or osteoporotic bone and the female athlete triad in young athletes. <ref>Tranovich MJ, Wright VJ. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09238-6_16 Insufficiency Fractures. InStress Fractures in Athletes] 2015 (pp. 223-237). Springer, Cham.Available from:https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09238-6_16 (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref> | ||
* Insufficiency fractures of the spine are often a sign of frailty. There is a reported 23-34% increase in mortality over eight years<ref>Menu-Professionals M. [https://www.orthogate.org/articles/spine/non-surgical-management-of-insufficiency-fractures-of-the-spine Non-surgical Management of Insufficiency Fractures of the Spine].Available from:https://www.orthogate.org/articles/spine/non-surgical-management-of-insufficiency-fractures-of-the-spine (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref>. | * Insufficiency fractures of the spine are often a sign of frailty. There is a reported 23-34% increase in mortality over eight years<ref>Menu-Professionals M. [https://www.orthogate.org/articles/spine/non-surgical-management-of-insufficiency-fractures-of-the-spine Non-surgical Management of Insufficiency Fractures of the Spine].Available from:https://www.orthogate.org/articles/spine/non-surgical-management-of-insufficiency-fractures-of-the-spine (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref>. | ||
== Epidemiology == | |||
In general, they are seen in the elderly, more frequently in women.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Sub Heading 2 == | == Sub Heading 2 == | ||
== | == Pathology == | ||
* Most often seen in the setting of osteoporosis | |||
* Any process which weakens bone is a risk factor<ref name=":0" />. | |||
* If osteoporosis goes untreated, fractures can occur spontaneously without injury (ie insufficiency or fragility fractures). | |||
* The bones are too "fragile" or "insufficient" to support one's weight for simple daily activities such as standing or walking.<ref name=":1">Marcus Daly Memorial Hospital Osteoporotic [https://www.mdmh.org/News/2017/May/Osteoporotic-Insufficiency-or-Fragility-Fracture.aspx Insufficiency or Fragility Fractures] Available from:https://www.mdmh.org/News/2017/May/Osteoporotic-Insufficiency-or-Fragility-Fracture.aspx (last accessed 12.10.2020)</ref> | |||
== Location == | |||
The most common area for this type of fracture is the pelvis. | |||
* The pelvis helps transfer weight from the legs into the spine and torso. | |||
* The pelvic ring can break anywhere but most commonly occurs in the superior or inferior ramus. | |||
* The second area of breakage is the sacrum<ref name=":1" />. | |||
* These fragility pelvic fractures can be painful and are treated with rest, minimizing weight bearing with a walker or crutches, and treating the patient with supplemental calcium and vitamin D. These fractures can take 3 to 4 months to heal. | |||
Fragility fracture of the proximal femur. | |||
* The weakest area of the femur is the femoral neck. | |||
* Fractures here usually require surgery to stabilize the bone with screws, plates, or rods. | |||
Fragility fracture of the spine. | |||
* In the case of a fragility fracture, the vertebra compresses into a wedge or triangle. | |||
* This fracture's treatment is usually conservative but sometimes a vertebroplasty (where cement is injected into the bone to help stabilize it) may be performed<ref name=":1" />. | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Revision as of 08:11, 12 October 2020
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (12/10/2020)
Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Wajeeha Hassan, Kim Jackson and Aminat Abolade
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone[1].
- They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as tumours (both malignant and benign).
- Insufficiency fractures can occur throughout the skeleton but are common in the tibia, femoral head and neck, sacrum, pelvis, and feet. They are most commonly associated with osteopenic or osteoporotic bone and the female athlete triad in young athletes. [2]
- Insufficiency fractures of the spine are often a sign of frailty. There is a reported 23-34% increase in mortality over eight years[3].
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
In general, they are seen in the elderly, more frequently in women.[1]
Sub Heading 2[edit | edit source]
Pathology[edit | edit source]
- Most often seen in the setting of osteoporosis
- Any process which weakens bone is a risk factor[1].
- If osteoporosis goes untreated, fractures can occur spontaneously without injury (ie insufficiency or fragility fractures).
- The bones are too "fragile" or "insufficient" to support one's weight for simple daily activities such as standing or walking.[4]
Location[edit | edit source]
The most common area for this type of fracture is the pelvis.
- The pelvis helps transfer weight from the legs into the spine and torso.
- The pelvic ring can break anywhere but most commonly occurs in the superior or inferior ramus.
- The second area of breakage is the sacrum[4].
- These fragility pelvic fractures can be painful and are treated with rest, minimizing weight bearing with a walker or crutches, and treating the patient with supplemental calcium and vitamin D. These fractures can take 3 to 4 months to heal.
Fragility fracture of the proximal femur.
- The weakest area of the femur is the femoral neck.
- Fractures here usually require surgery to stabilize the bone with screws, plates, or rods.
Fragility fracture of the spine.
- In the case of a fragility fracture, the vertebra compresses into a wedge or triangle.
- This fracture's treatment is usually conservative but sometimes a vertebroplasty (where cement is injected into the bone to help stabilize it) may be performed[4].
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Radiopedia Insufficiency Fractures Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/insufficiency-fracture (last accessed 12.10.2020)
- ↑ Tranovich MJ, Wright VJ. Insufficiency Fractures. InStress Fractures in Athletes 2015 (pp. 223-237). Springer, Cham.Available from:https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09238-6_16 (last accessed 12.10.2020)
- ↑ Menu-Professionals M. Non-surgical Management of Insufficiency Fractures of the Spine.Available from:https://www.orthogate.org/articles/spine/non-surgical-management-of-insufficiency-fractures-of-the-spine (last accessed 12.10.2020)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Marcus Daly Memorial Hospital Osteoporotic Insufficiency or Fragility Fractures Available from:https://www.mdmh.org/News/2017/May/Osteoporotic-Insufficiency-or-Fragility-Fracture.aspx (last accessed 12.10.2020)
