Emphysema: Difference between revisions
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The alveoli and the small distal airways are primarily affected by the disease, followed by effects in the larger airways <ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2014</ref> . Elastic recoil is usually responsible for splinting the bronchioles open. However, with emphysema, the bronchioles lose their stabilizing function and therefore causing a collapse in the airways resulting in gas to be trapped distally <ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2014</ref>.<br> | The alveoli and the small distal airways are primarily affected by the disease, followed by effects in the larger airways <ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2014</ref> . Elastic recoil is usually responsible for splinting the bronchioles open. However, with emphysema, the bronchioles lose their stabilizing function and therefore causing a collapse in the airways resulting in gas to be trapped distally <ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2014</ref>.<br> | ||
<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 13.2799997329712px;">There is an erosion in the alveolar septa causing there to be an enlargement of the available air space in the alveoli <ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2014</ref> . There is sometimes a formation of bullae with their thin walls of diminished lung tissue. </span | <span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 13.2799997329712px;">There is an erosion in the alveolar septa causing there to be an enlargement of the available air space in the alveoli <ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2014</ref> . There is sometimes a formation of bullae with their thin walls of diminished lung tissue. </span> | ||
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Revision as of 21:06, 27 May 2015
Original Editors - Students from Glasgow Caledonian University's Cardiorespiratory Therapeutics Project.
Top Contributors - Valentina Mazzoni, Lucinda hampton, Esraa Mohamed Abdullzaher, Kim Jackson, Admin, WikiSysop, Mohit Chand, 127.0.0.1, Evan Thomas, Michelle Lee and Uchechukwu Chukwuemeka
Definition/Description
Definition of the disease or condition
Epidemiology
Emphysema is generally found in those less than 40 years old, and more frequently found in those of Scandinavian decent, commonly developing in the 3rd to 5th decade of a life Banasik 2001Hough 2014. The disease tends to express no signs and symptoms until 50% of lung function is lost, as a result of the airway obstructions beginning in the smaller airways Hough 2014 (Hough 2014). 1% of cases of emphysema are thought to be due to the deficiency of the alpha1-antitrypsin enzyme Haas &amp;amp;amp;amp; Haas 2000.
The statistics relating to Emphysema are usually held within the wider spectrum of COPD, causing death to more than 14 million Americans, it is thought to be the fourth leading cause of deaths in America Mattison S, Christensen M. The pathophysiology of emphysema: Considerations for critical care nursing practice. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 2006; 22: 329-337.. Within England and Wales, 1.5 million people are said to be affected by Emphysema being within the top 5 leading causes of death Health and Safety Executive. Occupational Respiratory Diseases: Work-Related Chronic Obstructive Respiratory disease — Intervention and Evaluation Plans Draft Document. London: Health and Safety executive; 2005..
Aetiology
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
The alveoli and the small distal airways are primarily affected by the disease, followed by effects in the larger airways [1] . Elastic recoil is usually responsible for splinting the bronchioles open. However, with emphysema, the bronchioles lose their stabilizing function and therefore causing a collapse in the airways resulting in gas to be trapped distally [2].
There is an erosion in the alveolar septa causing there to be an enlargement of the available air space in the alveoli [3] . There is sometimes a formation of bullae with their thin walls of diminished lung tissue.
Investigations[edit | edit source]
This may well include any investigations used to gain a diagnosis or that you might need to gain information about your patient assessment.
Clinical Manifestations[edit | edit source]
Clinical manifestations (the signs and symptoms your patient may well present to you on an examination) ensure you relate this back to the underlying pathophysiology.
Physiotherapy and Other Management[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapy and other management. Other health professionals will be treating your patient. What is their input?
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Brief consideration of how this pathology could be prevented and the physiotherapy role in health promotion in relation to prevention of disease or disease progression.
Resources
[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
see tutorial on Adding PubMed Feed
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