Considerations When Performing Muscle Testing of the Trunk and Lower Limbs: Difference between revisions
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=== Age and Developmental Stage === | === Age and Developmental Stage === | ||
===== Geriatric Population ===== | |||
As the population ages, the issue of frailty garners increasing attention due to the progressive changes in muscle mass and strength experienced by individuals. Frailty has become prevalent among older adults, associated with a higher risk of fractures, recurring falls, and disability, as well as an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. <ref>Xu W, Zhao X, Zeng M, Wu S, He Y, Zhou M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11094275/ Exercise for frailty research frontiers: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review.] Frontiers in medicine. 2024 May 1;11.</ref> | |||
Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function linked to aging, resulting from a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. Additionally, it is associated with an elevated risk of health problems.<ref>Pedauyé-Rueda B, García-Fernández P, Maicas-Pérez L, José Luis Maté-Muñoz, Hernández-Lougedo J. Different Diagnostic Criteria for Determining the [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11084913/ Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.] Journal of clinical medicine. 2024 Apr 25;13(9):2520–0.</ref> | |||
While the loss of muscle mass has traditionally signalled sarcopenia, recent research highlights muscle strength as a more effective indicator of the adverse health outcomes of sarcopenia.<ref>Ito S, Hiroshi Takuwa, Saori Kakehi, Someya Y, Hideyoshi Kaga, Nobuyuki Kumahashi, et al. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11106293/ A genome-wide association study identifies a locus associated with knee extension strength in older Japanese individuals.] Communications biology. 2024 May 20;7(1).</ref> Additionally, a study of older adults revealed a strong association between hand grip strength and lower limb strength, with significant correlations across examined muscle groups, except for the ankle dorsiflexion muscles, which held substantial importance for the regression model.<ref>Strandkvist V, Larsson A, Pauelsen M, Nyberg L, Vikman I, Lindberg A, et al. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016749432100008X?via%3Dihub Hand grip strength is strongly associated with lower limb strength but only weakly with postural control in community-dwelling older adults.] Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2021 May;94:104345.</ref> | |||
Revision as of 12:47, 25 May 2024
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Muscle strength testing is used by rehabilitation teams to measure strength deficits, monitor rehabilitation progress and assess readiness to return to sporting activities.
Additionally, muscle strength testing provides valuable insights into various implications such as quadriceps strength, which longitudinal data indicates as a robust predictor of functional decline and mortality associated with coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [1] This article will delve into the factors and conditions to consider when assessing manual muscle strength of the trunk and lower limb.
Age and Developmental Stage[edit | edit source]
Geriatric Population[edit | edit source]
As the population ages, the issue of frailty garners increasing attention due to the progressive changes in muscle mass and strength experienced by individuals. Frailty has become prevalent among older adults, associated with a higher risk of fractures, recurring falls, and disability, as well as an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. [2]
Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function linked to aging, resulting from a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. Additionally, it is associated with an elevated risk of health problems.[3]
While the loss of muscle mass has traditionally signalled sarcopenia, recent research highlights muscle strength as a more effective indicator of the adverse health outcomes of sarcopenia.[4] Additionally, a study of older adults revealed a strong association between hand grip strength and lower limb strength, with significant correlations across examined muscle groups, except for the ankle dorsiflexion muscles, which held substantial importance for the regression model.[5]
- ↑ Sahu PK, Goodstadt N, Ramakrishnan A, Silfies SP. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of knee extensor strength measured by a novel device incorporated into a weight stack machine vs. handheld and isokinetic dynamometry. PloS one. 2024 May 22;19(5):e0301872–2.
- ↑ Xu W, Zhao X, Zeng M, Wu S, He Y, Zhou M. Exercise for frailty research frontiers: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in medicine. 2024 May 1;11.
- ↑ Pedauyé-Rueda B, García-Fernández P, Maicas-Pérez L, José Luis Maté-Muñoz, Hernández-Lougedo J. Different Diagnostic Criteria for Determining the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of clinical medicine. 2024 Apr 25;13(9):2520–0.
- ↑ Ito S, Hiroshi Takuwa, Saori Kakehi, Someya Y, Hideyoshi Kaga, Nobuyuki Kumahashi, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies a locus associated with knee extension strength in older Japanese individuals. Communications biology. 2024 May 20;7(1).
- ↑ Strandkvist V, Larsson A, Pauelsen M, Nyberg L, Vikman I, Lindberg A, et al. Hand grip strength is strongly associated with lower limb strength but only weakly with postural control in community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2021 May;94:104345.
