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[[File:Internal impingement of the shoulder.jpg|thumb|High stressors in throwing motion]] ...me="Wilk1">Wilk et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19194026/ Shoulder Injuries in the Overhead Athlete]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39(2):38-54. Arti

...SH, Choi HJ. Biceps load test II: a clinical test for SLAP lesions of the shoulder. ''Arthroscopy'' 2001 February; 17(2):160-164.</ref><br> ...eps Load II test is designed to detect [[SLAP_Lesion|SLAP lesions]] in the shoulder.<ref name="Kim" />

...ation of diagnostic criteria and a rehabilitation program for rotator cuff injuries. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 10, 336-339</ref> == ...tient were pouring liquid out of a can. The therapist should stabilize the shoulder while applying a downwardly directed force to the arm, the patient tries to

* Competitors must use an over the shoulder throwing motion to throw the javelin into the sector * The competitor uses any throwing technique that is not over their shoulder

...backward force is applied to the proximal arm. A sudden onset of posterior shoulder pain indicates a positive test result, regardless of accompanying posterior ...ed">1. SH Kim et al. A Novel Test for Posteroinferior Labral Lesion of the Shoulder—A Comparison to the Jerk Test Am J Sports Med - 01-AUG-2005; 33(8): 1188-

...of Success in Nonoperative Treatment of Posteroinferior Instability of the Shoulder.&amp; Am J Sports Med 2004 32: 1849 </ref> ...dity and accuracy of clinical tests used to detect labral pathology of the shoulder]- a systematic review. Man Ther. 2009 Apr;14(2):119-30</ref> The reported d

Mr A has a history of persistent and debilitating pain in his shoulder with significant sleep disturbance following time in detention in his home ...worse from day to day. He has became more and more disabled because of his shoulder pain.

...al Plexus|brachial plexus]].<ref name="aex">Juneja P, Hubbard JB. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm Teres minor muscle. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. </ref> ...along with [[Infraspinatus]], primarily produces external rotation of the shoulder joint.<ref name="aex" />

...ly.<ref>Zacharopoulos AN, Tzanakakis NE, Douka MI. Skiing and snowboarding injuries in Greece: a two-year case-control study. Journal of ASTM International. 20 ...d also be considered.<ref>Koehle MS, Lloyd-Smith R, Taunton JE. Alpine ski injuries and their prevention. Sports Medicine. 2002 Oct;32(12):785-93.</ref>

...rus with one hand while the other hand performs humeral rotation while the shoulder is being elevated in the scapular plane. The test can be repeated in supine ...dity and accuracy of clinical tests used to detect labral pathology of the shoulder-a systematic review. Manual Therapy 2009; 14(2):119-30.</ref> <br>

...5lywYu_xEsKN6rQP-9Ca6AM&scisig=AAGBfm1zee7umg5uN42e02OpIHG5FnNW6w Shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: the “dead arm” revisited]. Clinics in sports medi ...ul serving in tennis, or working with the arm in a strained position above shoulder.<ref name="6a" /><ref name="p0" />The symptoms can exacerbate by the loss o

*[[Shoulder Examination|Shoulder Examination]] *[[Shoulder Instability|Shoulder Instability]]

...name=":0" />. Assessment of the upper quadrant muscles is essential in the shoulder problems of athletes and the general population<ref>Donatelli RA. Sports-Sp ...avours, and for all populations, to avoid potential upper limb soft tissue injuries.

...ns] 2018. Available from: https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/sprains-and-strains (last accessed 5.12.2019)</ref> A ligament rupture can ...2012). Treating Sports Injuries. In Bahr R. (Ed). The IOC Manual of Sports Injuries. Wiley Blackwell 2012.p 25-39. </ref>

...d assist with blocking [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]] and [[Shoulder Subluxation|subluxation]] at the maximal ranges of motion.<ref name=":0">Ra ...(e.g. shoulder dislocation) or more commonly by repeated microtrauma, e.g. shoulder subluxation.<ref name=":1">Clavert P. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc

...ef name=":5" />. Acupuncture is commonly utilised to treat musculoskeletal injuries of the extremities. <ref name=":5" /> Its scientific credibility is still s Used for forearm/hand paresthesia and pain, tremors, elbow injuries and neck stiffness.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

[[File:Frozen shoulder..jpg|thumb|Fibrosis in “Frozen Shoulder”]] ...]] capsule may lead to [[Adhesive Capsulitis|adhesive capsulitis]] (frozen shoulder).<ref>New Medical Types of Fibrosis Available: https://www.news-medical.net

=== Shoulder === *[[Frozen Shoulder|Adhesive Capsulitis]]

== Shoulder == ...nd_exercises_following_shoulder_surgery.pdf Advice and Exercises Following Shoulder Surgery] from the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (2006).

...a subset of [[Shoulder Instability|shoulder instability]], occurs when the shoulder joint partially dislocates. In this condition the [[Humerus|humeral]] head ...:0">Vitoonpong T, Chang KV. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507847/ Shoulder Subluxation]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2020 Aug 29. StatPearls Publishing.Av