Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC)

Original Editor - Romy Hageman
Top Contributors - Romy Hageman

Purpose[edit | edit source]

The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) evaluates various sleep disorders including difficulties in falling asleep and staying asleep, sleep-disordered breathing, arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, excessive sleepiness, and excessive sweating during sleep (hyperhidrosis)[1]. The tool has been translated into multiple languages, demonstrating satisfactory validity and reliability[2][3][4]. It is easy to fill in[5]. It is an excellent screening tool, for alerting and reassuring parents about their child's sleep, and also for helping paediatric professionals by making a sleep diagnosis and advising about treatments[6].

Intended population[edit | edit source]

Technique[edit | edit source]

  • Administration: the questionnaire is filled out by a parent or caregiver on behalf of the child, typically using pencil and paper.
  • Time to administer: 10-15 minutes.

Scoring[edit | edit source]

The six subscales are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, assessing the occurrences over the past 6 months, with higher numbers reflecting a higher frequency of symptoms: 1 means ''never'', 2 means ''up to once or twice per month'', 3 means ''once or twice per week'', 4 means ''3-5 times per week'', 5 means ''always''. There is a cutoff score of 39[1] .

The total sleep score is derived by adding up individual scores, with the potential range being from 26 to 130[1]. After summing the scores for the different scales, the values must be filled in the scoring sheet in order to obtain a sleep profile.

Psychometric values[edit | edit source]

  • Internal consistency: ranging from 0.71 - 0.79[1].
  • Test-retest reliability: 0.71[1].
  • Diagnostic accuracy 0.91[1].
  • Validation in other countries:
    • China[14]: the Chinese version is reliable and useful for screening for sleep disorders in Chinese children. Internal consistency: adequate reliability (Chronbach's α°0.81).
    • France[6]: the french version's psychometric values are as good as other languages. Internal consistency is very good. Construct validity is good. Concurrent validity is very good. Internal reliability is good. Diagnosis validity is satisfactory.
    • Iran[15]: overall the psychometric values are appropriate for Iranian children. Convergent validity is acceptable (r=0.22-0.76).
    • Mexico[16]: the psychometric values are appropriate.
    • Spain[17]: the Spanish version is a good instrument for assessing sleep disturbances. The reliability is good (Chronbach α= 0.82). Convergent validity is good (range = 0.41-0.70).
    • Turkey[18]: the Turkish version is valid and reliable. Internal consistency is high (Cronbach α = 0.84). Test-retest reliability is high.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Bruni O, Ottaviano S, Guidetti V, Romoli M, Innocenzi M, Cortesi F, Giannotti F. The sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbance in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Sleep Research. 1996; 5(4): 251-61
  2. ↑ Spruyt K, Cluydts R, Verleye GB. Pediatric sleep disorders: exploratory modulation of their relationships. Sleep. 2004; 27: 495-501.
  3. ↑ Ferreira VR, Carvalho LB, Ruotolo F, de Morais JF, Prado LB, Prado GF. Sleep disturbance scale for children: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation. Sleep Medicine. 2009; 10(4): 457-63
  4. ↑ Simola P, NiskakangasM, Liukkonen K, Virkkula P, Pitkäranta A, Kirjavainen T, Aronen E. Sleep problems and daytime tiredness in Finnish preschool-aged children - a community survey. Child Care Health and Developement. 2010; 36(6): 805-11.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Romeo DM, Bruni O, Brogna C, Ferri R, Galluccio C, De Clemente V, Mercuri E. Application of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in preschool age. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2013; 17(4): 374–382
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Putois B, Lesie W, Gustin MP, Challamel M-J, Raoux A, Guignard-Perret A, Weick D, Sauzeau J-B, Herbillon V, Zourou F, Spruyt K, Franco P. The French Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Sleep Medicine. 2017; 32: 56-65
  7. ↑ Romeo DM, Cordaro G, Macchione E, Venezia I, Brogna C, Mercuri E, Bruni O. Application of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in infants and toddlers (6-36 months). Sleep Medicine. 2021; 81: 62-69
  8. ↑ Herwanto H, Lestari H, Warouw S, Salendu P. Sleep disturbance scale for children as a diagnostic tool for sleep disorders in adolescents. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2018; 58(3): 133
  9. ↑ Romeo DM, Brogna C, Belli A, Lucibello S, Cutrona C, Apicella M, Mercuri E, Mariotti P. Sleep Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pre-School Children: An Evaluation Using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Medicina. 2021; 57(2): 95
  10. ↑ Mancini VO, Rudaizky D, Pearcy BTD, Marriner A, Pestell CF, Gomez R, Bucks RS, Chen W. Factor structure of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in those with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Sleep Medicine. 2019; 1: 100006
  11. ↑ Khubchandani R, Bagde A, Pistorio A. Sleep disorders in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis as assessed by the sleep disturbance scale for children. Pediatric Rheumatology. 2011; 9(1): 148
  12. ↑ Romeo DM, Brogna C, Musto E, Baranello G, Pagliano E, Casalino T, Ricci D, Mallardi M, Sivo S, Cota F, Battaglia D, Bruni O, Mercuri E. Sleep disturbances in preschool age children with cerebral palsy: a questionnaire study. Sleep Medicine. 2014; 15(9): 1089-1093
  13. ↑ Bogdanov S, Brookes M, Epps A, Naismith SL, Teng A, Lah S. Sleep Disturbance in Children With Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Compared With Children With Orthopedic Injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2019; 34(2): 122-131
  14. ↑ Huang M-M, Qian Z, Wang J, Vaughn MG, Lee YL, Dong G-H. Validation of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and prevalence of parent-reported sleep disorder symptoms in Chinese children. Sleep Medicine. 2014; 15(8): 923-928
  15. ↑ Saffari M, Gholamrezaei A, Saneian H, Attari A, Bruni O. Linguistic validation of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in Iranian children with Persian language. Sleep Medicine. 2014; 15(8): 998-1001.
  16. ↑ Moo-Estrella JA, Valencia-Flores MV, Arankowsky-Sandoval GM. Development and validation of the Sleep Disturbances Scale for School-age Children. Acta Pediátrica de México. 2018;39(2):121-133
  17. ↑ Pagerols M, Bosch R, Prat R, Pagespetit È, Cilveti R, Chaparro N, Esteve A, Casas M. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children: psychometric properties and prevalence of sleep disorders in Spanish children aged 6–16 years. Journal of Sleep Research. 2023; 32(4): e13871
  18. ↑ Ağca S, Görker I, Turan FN, Öztürk L. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Sleep Medicine. 2021; 84: 56-62
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