Binswanger’s disease

Original Editor - Ayodeji Mark-Adewunmi

Top Contributors - Ayodeji Mark-Adewunmi and Vidya Acharya  

Introduction

Binswanger's disease (BD) is a progressive type of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) that impacts the white matter (WM) and other subcortical structures. Recent advances in imaging have heightened interest in comprehending the definitions, clinical presentations, differential diagnoses, risk factors, and complications associated with BD.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), ranking as the second most prevalent type of dementia following Alzheimer's disease, is expected to rise with the aging population. Various vascular injuries and pathologies may lead to or exacerbate this diverse disorder. Small vessel disease (SVD) represents the predominant form of VCI and is the most amenable to potential treatment.

Small Vessel Disease (SVD) arises from various pathological processes, such as lacunar strokes and progressive white matter injury. Binswanger's disease, a type of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI), is associated with damage to the brain's small vessels, leading to widespread white matter hyperintensities and gradual subcortical ischemia. Typically, patients exhibit focal neurological symptoms, gait disturbances, and cognitive decline.

Pathophysiology

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