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...es. In '''CPET''' different patients have different exercise protocols and exercise grades to follow. ...ed by the lung gas exchange.<ref>Karlman Wasserman. Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Application. 5th

...ons Learned about Emphysema | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Atsjournals.org. [cited 10 April 2020]. Available from: https://w * Not able to exercise well after completing [[Pulmonary Rehabilitation|pulmonary rehabilitation]]

PFTs can be used in a variety of settings, and they are generally ordered to: ...f [[Respiratory Disorders|respiratory disease]] when patients present with respiratory symptoms (e.g. [[Dyspnoea|dyspnea]], cough, cyanosis, wheezing, etc.)

...d and regular assessments by the physiotherapist also ensure that patients in the ICU receive the most appropriate physiotherapy treatment for their cond == Assessment of the Critically Ill Patient ==

...to an intensive care unit? How many days was the patient in the intensive care unit? Were diagnostic tests done to determine if the patient was COVID-19 n ...ist may need to apply the responses about the patient's timing of COVID-19 in order to be adequately prepared to assist the patient.The science around le

...defined by the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society in 2013 ...t: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:e13–e64.</ref>

...factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in the global network sites in six low-and low middle-income countries.] Reproductive Health. 2020 Dec;17( ...th]. 2021 Mar 22;18(6):3268.</ref> The rate of neurodevelopment and growth in preterm infants can be affected by:

...is an excess of fibrotic tissue in the [[Lung Anatomy|lung]]. It can occur in a wide range of clinical settings and can be precipitated by a multitude of ...used with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is a progressive fibrotic [[Respiratory Disorders|lung disease]].<ref name=":0" />

...the checking of [[Blood Physiology|blood]], urine, and body tissue samples in order to see if the resulting lab values fall within the normal range. Lab === Care Plan ===

...ecome a growing public health issue. Delirium is defined as a rapid change in consciousness (hours to days) characterized by reduced environmental awaren ...idity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA. 2001; 286(21): 2703-10</ref> as much as 83% of ICU pa

=== SAFE PRESCRIPTION OF MOBILIZING PATIENTS IN ACUTE CARE SETTINGS === ...ical therapists with guidance on safe mobilization of the patient in acute care settings. This decision-making guide is evidence informed and where there i

...l and mental health. Community-based physiotherapists will play a key role in the rehabilitation of COVID-19 survivors following hospital discharge. ...;93(2):1013-1022.</ref> Community-based physiotherapists will be essential in the provision of these rehabilitation services.<ref name=":0">Falvey JR, Kr

...ction. Symptoms can range from being asymptomatic to [[Respiratory Failure|respiratory failure]].<ref name=":0">Agarwal AK, Raja A, Brown BD. Chronic obstructive ...urrently the third most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2015, the prevalence of COPD was 174 million, and there were approximately

...&pid=S0104-07072015000401071 Vital signs measurement: an indicator of safe care delivered to elderly patients.] Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem. 2015 Dec;24(4) # [[Respiratory Rate|Respiratory rate]].

...tterns of weakness can be variable - Scapuloperoneal or distal weakness or respiratory failure. ...g usually in adult life with mildly elevated CPK protein. Features include respiratory failure, cardiomyopathy and dysarthric speech as well. Semimembranosus musc

...most cases, a [[Deep Vein Thrombosis|deep venous thrombosis]] (DVT) forms in the leg. Once dislodged, the [[Thrombosis|thrombus]] travels to the lungs w ...tory status, and size and number of emboli affects the severity of changes in pulmonary blood flow and respiration. A small blockage of the pulmonary art

...lizing function of the diaphragm: dynamic MRI and synchronized spirometric assessment.] J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Oct;109(4):1064-71.</ref> Disorders of the di ...518269/ Effect of different head-neck postures on the respiratory function in healthy males.] BioMed Research International. 2018 Jul 12;2018.</ref>

[[File:Clinicians in Intensive Care Unit.jpg|right|frameless]] ...name=":2" /> These long-lasting sequelae are referred to as post-intensive care syndrome.<ref name=":0" />

...ial workers etc. Family members and support groups should also be involved in the recovery process of these patients. ...hat post-burn rehabilitation entails to both patients and their caregivers in order to carry them along and to encourage cooperation. Generally, the aims

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!! </div> ...s]], [[Cardiovascular Disease|cardiovascular]] and [[Respiratory Disorders|respiratory]] diseases, and [[Cancer Rehabilitation and the Importance of Balance Train

...than men during both waking and sleeping periods, by an average of 10 bpm in young adults<ref name=":1" />.  ...rically connect the SA node to the right atrium and play an important role in regulating the SA node automaticity, thus the maintenance of the HR<ref nam

...arying signs and symptoms. The CS had typical disease symptoms of weakness in lower limbs and upper limbs, spasms and areas of increased tone, bladder an ...cant deterioration in his physical presentation and on occasions feels low in mood.

...isease. The case study discusses the therapeutic interventions used to aid in achieving the goals and overcoming challenges faced by the patient. Overall ...is arm and leg muscles and also experiences painful cramping, specifically in his legs. 

...ns for pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients recovering from acute respiratory failure: results of a Delphi process.] Monaldi Arch Chest Dis [Internet]. 2 ...from early research that these patients will be in need of rehabilitation in all phases of the disease - acute, post-acute and long-term.

...004 Oct 1;8(4):297-306.</ref> Dysfunction in one can lead to a dysfunction in the other (co-dependency). ...n&#x20;humans Respiratory effects of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in humans]

[[File:Assessment Fitness Work.jpg|thumb|Example of Physical Activity]] .../pmc/articles/PMC1424733/pdf/pubhealthrep00100-0016.pdf Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related rese

Muscle strength plays an essential role in facilitating stability and mobility within the musculoskeletal system. Asse If you would like a detailed discussion of the muscle strength assessment, please see: [[Assessing Muscle Strength]].

...of the leading causes of death worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the United States. CR ere the process by which patients with cardiac disease, in partnership with a multidisciplinary team of health professionals are encou

...articles/asthma-1 (accessed 25.5.2021)</ref> and [[Exercise Induced Asthma|exercise induced]]. * Affects an estimated 262 million people in 2019 and caused 461000 deaths.<ref name=":2" />

...of oxygen into the body and the removal of carbon dioxide. It is essential in the metabolisation of energy.<ref name=":1">Clifton-Smith T. How We Breathe ...llostasis (achieving homeostasis) is maintained, as well as being involved in [[Posture|postural]] stability and mobility of the trunk and spine.<ref nam

.../articles/PMC1290766/pdf/jrsocmed00176-0035.pdf Hyperventilation syndromes in medicine and psychiatry: a review.] Journal of the Royal Society of Medicin ...spasm provocation tests: comparisons between acetylcholine and ergonovine in 1508 examinations. Coron Artery Dis. 2004 Dec;15(8):491-7. </ref><ref name=

...w We Breathe|breathing]] is interrupted or paused during sleep. The pauses in breathing can last a few seconds to minutes and are long enough to: *Decrease level of oxygen in the [[Blood Physiology|blood]]

...nce abuse or behavioural issue. This article will focus on rehabilitation in a health context. == Rehabilitation in a Health Setting ==

...e our treatment plan and ensure we are identifying our patients' problems, assessment should be an ongoing and continuous, and should allow us to develop individ ...of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for Rehabilitation Management in Clinical Practice. Eur J Phys Rehabil. 2008;44(3):329-42.</ref>

...raining in order to best improve impaired tasks and ADL.<ref name=":0" />  Exercise has also been shown to improve [[Cognitive Impairments|cognition]] and [[de ...ctive lifestyle with high levels of physical activity and regular exercise in the Parkinson’s population which has been shown to have a protective effe

...y is to provide the reader with the typical presentation of DMD as well as assessment tools and intervention strategies used during this phase. ...tcome measures. Treatment focused on maintaining range of motion, balance, respiratory training and education about orthotics. As the patient entered the non-ambu

...er.3 Amputee Rehabilitation. In: Skelton, P and Harvey, A . Rehabilitation in Sudden Onset Disasters. Handicap International and UK Emergency Medical Tea ...tissue coverage are compromised where the dead muscle is missed resulting in uneven distribution of tissue necrosis.<ref name=":2" />

...rder to ensure clear communication and prevent avoidable errors in patient care. | In the morning

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> ...py. Outcome measures (QuickDASH and MG QoL 15) were completed upon initial assessment and discharge to assess her progression throughout the 6 week treatment per

...ot be appropriate for all individuals diagnosed with MG, and an individual assessment would be necessary to determine the best course of action for other patient .../jcm10112235</ref>. This dysfunction in the neuromuscular junction results in decreased response and amplitude of the corresponding muscles<ref name=":12

...l&nbsp;independence of the amputee. By improving the functional and cardio-respiratory&nbsp;capacity of the individual it is possible to enhance the prosthetic us ...eeds to be a continuous process, regarding the&nbsp;objectives established in the previous pre-prosthetic phase&nbsp;<ref name="Broomhead">Broomhead P, C

...ing aquafit weekly, be referred to an occupational therapist, and enrolled in a post-polio support program. Finally, the patient has been discharged from ...the literature regarding PPS and elucidate potential strategies available in the treatment of this population.

== Value Added Practice and Considerations for Enhancement in Migrant Care == ...or in a care chain as difficulties in context allow, for patients and the care team monitored by clinical practice scaling, with the use of common outcome

...e of patient with lepromatous leprosy .PNG|thumb|Erythematous papules seen in the face of patient with lepromatous leprosy ]] ...sen’s disease after Norwegian scientist Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen, who in 1873 discovered the slow-growing bacterium now known as ''Mycobacterium lep

...type of fractures vary depending on the type of disaster or conflict. But in general, during disasters and conflicts, patients present with multiple inj ...professionals are required to maintain close contact with the medical team in order to assess those with fractures prior to discharge.<ref name=":3" />

...98516/pdf/bmjcred00608-0027.pdf Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982. 29; 284(6329): 1607–1608. Accesse ...n used as an outcome measure for patients with a variety of conditions and in multiple populations including:

...owns and various restrictive measures used to curb the spread of COVID-19. In many cases this may be the longest period away from structured training wit ...n the limitations of training from home and to identify the risks involved in returning to training and competitions. It is therefore important to develo

...t. A complete subjective, objective analysis was collected and limitations in balance, gait speed, and strength were noticed. ...tioning, disability and health (ICF)] model and focused on the limitations in balance, gait speed, and strength.

...with [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]] (GBS). The patient's experience in acute care is discussed briefly and his sub-acute [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Introd ...k may induce  sensation impairment, motor control deficit, and severe pain in affected areas leading to disability affecting the upper and lower extremit

...l therapist recommended a referral to a physiatrist for further diagnostic testing. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies indicated neuralgic amyotrop ..., 1970–1981. ''Ann Neurol''. 1985: 18:320–323.</ref>  Onset age is usually in the 2nd or 3rd decade, but can have a range from neonatal to the 7th decade

== COVID in the Elderly == ...l settings, according to 22 malnutrition screening tools validated for use in adults ≥65 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Maturitas. 2019

...follow-up treatments and discharge at her community physiotherapy clinic. In building a rehabilitation program that focuses on the patient’s goals, tr .... (2015). Bell’s palsy: aetiology, clinical features and multidisciplinary care. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, jnnp-2014.</ref>. The diagnosis is based on

...edulla oblongata are atrophied resulting in a loss of neuronal cell bodies in the dentate nucleus, substantia nigra and anterior horn of the spinal cord. ...lele to their offspring. Due to the fact that MJD presents its inheritance in a dominant pattern, there cannot be any recessive carriers of the disease.

...lity, and health (ICF)]] framework to address the pathology of the disease in a patient-specific manner. ...neuropathy mimicking brain death and review of the literature]. Frontiers in Neurology. 2016 Apr 26;7:63.</ref>.

...ive adult-onset [[Motor Neurone Disease MND|Motor Neurone Disease]] (MND). In Kennedy’s Disease, both the spinal and bulbar neurons are affected, which ...has been thought to cause aggregation of the receptor in the motor neurons in the body, having toxic effects to motor neurons.<ref>Davey RA, Grossmann M.

...group 6. The scope of this article is to describe the characteristics and care related to the earliest clinical stage of Huntington's Disease. ...ratory failure. Other interdisciplinary professionals were involved in his care and referrals were made at the follow-up visit to a speech-language patholo

...uscle degeneration. It is noticed in early childhood and is primarily seen in males. <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/62 ...to better himself so that he can focus on his school work and participate in hobbies.

...ir life <ref name="Palmer et al 2000">Palmer KT, Walsh K, et al. Back pain in Britain: comparison of two prevalence surveys at an interval of 10 years BM ...to Help Your Back Available:https://www.spine-health.com/wellness/exercise/exercise-and-fitness-help-your-back (accessed 1.2.2022)</ref>

...ation and maintenance of intra-abdominal pressure, and injuries can result in significant ventilatory compromise. Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries (TDI) ...this condition were being undertaken. Despite having been recognised early in the history of surgery, blunt traumatic diaphragm rupture was a rarely repo

...re thought to be supplied by T2 to T5. This could account for the symptoms in the neck, head, and upper extremities.<ref name=":1">Evans P, [https://www. In thoracic regions, the joints are oriented vertically and limit flexion and

* In most cases, it is slowly progressive and has a significant impact on the so * Primarily a unilateral disorder, however, the opposite ear can be affected in 2-50% of people diagnosed with Meniere's disease.<ref name="Goodman">Goodma

...population lives on five of the islands. About 70% of the population lives in Nassau (Population Census2000, Department of Statistics).<sup><ref>http://w ...en the initial complaint and actual physiotherapy intervention, especially in the public system.

...ed the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow in 2021 with the aim to accelerate action toward the goals of the Paris Agreem ...eased concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in our atmosphere insulates the earth, trapping the sun’s heat and raising a

...iming and activation of dynamic stabilisers are the most important factors in achieving functional stability.<ref name=":11" /> ...d be able to identify which hip muscles are affected and develop effective exercise programmes to address these issues.<ref name=":1" />

...hes, and of course there are many dedicated communal singing groups/choirs in many countries. Parents sing to their babies, people sing birthday greeting ...Paleolithic period of the stone age due to an exciting archelogical find in Germany, near the Danube<ref>Conard N J; Malina M; Munzel SC. (2009).

...is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. ...cal stress during movement. Scoliosis is often defined as spinal curvature in the “coronal” (frontal) plane. While the degree of curvature is measure

...e simplest of functional activities<ref>Atkins, D. J. Prosthetic Training. In: Smith, D, G., Michael, J.W and J. H. Bowker. Editors, 2004, Atlas of Amput ...ee. However, physiotherapy is indicated in many rehabilitation phases from assessment pre-amputation and post amputation, to pre-prosthetic rehabilitation and th

...onal therapist for a home assessment. Despite the significant improvements in Mr. J’s functional capacity, he still expresses concerns regarding his pr ...econdary effects<ref>Duong T, Eichinger K. Role of physical therapy in the assessment and management of individuals with myotonic dystrophy [Internet]. myotonic.

Sternum pain is pain or discomfort in the area of the chest that contains the sternum and the cartilage connectin ....<ref>Aalam AA, Alsabban A, Pines JM. National trends in chest pain visits in US emergency departments (2006–2016). Emergency Medicine Journal. 2020 No

...nflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerve myelin sheaths resulting in axonal degeneration. It is the most common cause of quickly progressive fla ..., Hirata K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11328202/ Antecedent symptoms in Guillain-Barré syndrome: an important indicator for clinical and serologic

...page, as well as common conditions during pregnancy and the importance of exercise during pregnancy. ...elvic_Girdle_Pain_in_the_Antepartum_Population__.7.aspx Pelvic girdle pain in the antepartum population: physical therapy clinical practice guidelines li

...to transmission- in both children and adults- and can live up to 5-7 years in the lymphatic system. Although most people who are infected are asymptomati It is estimated that more than 120 million people in 80 countries worldwide are currently infected with one of the three nematod

...much wider consequences for many body functions including bladder, bowel, respiratory, cardiovascular and sexual function as well as social, financial and psycho ...ve many body systems, even though the underlying pathology is neurological in nature. This section provides a brief overview of some of the therapeutic a

...l and mental function.<ref name=":0" /> It can cause sleepiness, a decline in performance, as well as affect psychological and physical functions, such a Various changes in patterns are also evident in waking EEGs following periods of sleep deprivation.

...PW, Gemke RJ. S[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9672415/ leep in hospitalized pediatric and adult patients–A systematic review and meta-an == Sleep Disruption in Hospitalised Patients ==

...subjective and objective findings from the patient’s initial physiotherapy assessment, and additional findings 6-weeks after beginning physiotherapy treatment. M ...Gawel M, Szacka K, Bakon L. A case report of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with Klippel–Feil Syndrome—a familial occurrence: A potential

...6-month re-evaluation showed sustained performance levels from his initial assessment during the selected functional outcome measures.[[File:Screen Shot 2022-05- ...appears at the age of 30 to 40, however symptoms may present at any point in life<ref name=":0" />. HD that occurs before the age of 20 is called juveni

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> <div class="editorbox" ...ALS, approximately six months prior to this physical therapy interaction. In addition to clinical examination findings, this case study outlines potenti

...ent per Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services standards. Improvements in bed mobility, transfers, gait, upper and lower body dressing, selfcare, ran ...mes in this case support further investigation for physical rehabilitation in NMO patients.

...ists and the importance of a strong inter-disciplinary team is highlighted in the management of ALS. ...fected areas to preserve strength and function <ref name=":0" />. However, in the later stages of this disease, re-innervation can no longer compensate f

...proaches to assessment, outcome planning, and treatment/intervention in an in-patient rehabilitation setting. ...ed as tingling in the feet or hands or even pain that most commonly starts in the legs or back. Diagnosis is clinical and symptom-based, and can be suppo

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</blockquote> ...d 'correct' or 'incorrect' state. Posture can be simply defined as the way in which we hold our bodies while standing, sitting, or lying down.<ref>Caneir

* Key types of headaches and causes of dizziness that may be encountered in clinical practice ...nerally begins in childhood to early adulthood although it can start later in life for some perimenopausal / [[Menopause|menopausal]] women<ref name=":2"

...humb|375x375px|Deshmukh et al (2022) - Prevalence of breathing dysfunction in musculoskeletal complaints]] ...attern of breathing is disrupted, resulting in dyspnoea and associated non-respiratory symptoms that cannot be fully explained by disease pathophysiology" (Ionesc

...five years and functional level is maintained between three and six years in these children. Symptoms are mild at first but become more severe as the ch ...f> That means that there is approximately 2400 individuals living with DMD in the UK alone<ref name="Muscle Dystrophy UK">Muscular Dystrophy UK. Muscular

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> Balance is the ability to evenly distribute body weight in static positions e.g. standing or during movement so person doesn’t fall

...case provides a typical case presentation of GBS, in addition to possible assessment methods, outcome measures, and technological uses to treat this disease. ...ultan B, Katirji B. Guillain–Barré syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1608-13.</ref>.

...inherited disorder that can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations. In an attempt to better understand the pathology of this disorder it is import ** Weakness/atrophy in anti- gravity muscles such as the [[gastrocnemius]]

...nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312226/ Selected Techniques for Physiotherapy in Dogs]. Animals. 2022 Jul 8;12(14):1760.</ref> Interventions can be similar ...survey regarding the use of rehabilitation modalities in horses. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2018 Jun 11;5:120.</ref><ref>Millis DL, Ciuperca IA. Ev

...sease (CMT1A). The subjective and objective findings are stated at initial assessment and at 3 month follow up to monitor his progress with physiotherapy. Physio ...y include altered sensation, impaired motor function and atrophy beginning in the distal lower extremity (feet, ankles) prior to the upper extremity due

...isk of '''serious pathology''' and warrant referral for further diagnostic testing.<ref>Delitto, A., George, S. and Godges. J, 2012. [https://www.jospt.org/do ...ysiotherapists' understanding of red flags for back pain.] Musculoskeletal care. 2015 Mar;13(1):42-50.</ref>

...ists with the appropriate knowledge and skills to handle asthma management in children and to promote health. ...statistically analyze asthma and the potential difficulties it can cause, in order to provide data required by the World Health Organisation<ref name="A

...low her to continue in activity and participation in her life, as outlined in this case. * FAB = Frontal Assessment Battery Test

...stic pain]]. <ref>International Association for the Study of Pain - What's in a Name for Chronic Pain? “Nociplastic pain” was officially adopted by I ...most effective treatment is a combination of education, stress reduction, exercise, and medication.

...e neurological disorder characterized by bilateral calcifications of areas in the brain including<ref name=":1">National Institute of Neurological Disord .... Fahr’s syndrome can present at any age, but is typically first diagnosed in individuals between 40-60 years old<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref n

...or significant changes in disease state. Mr. L was also encouraged to keep in contact with his family physician, occupational therapist and speech langua ...H-pyNnE Presentation, diagnosis, and management of multiple system atrophy in Europe: final analysis of the European multiple system atrophy registry.] M

.../pii/S2468266721002358 Safeguarding people living in vulnerable conditions in the COVID-19 era through universal health coverage and social protection]. ...such as [[Introduction to Telehealth|Telehealth Services]], with policies in place to direct the reintegration of services as soon as possible.<ref name

...condition was universally fatal. Nevertheless, even with great innovations in healthcare, the condition still carries a mortality rate of close to 25%<re ...spite breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment, and [[Vaccines|vaccination]], in 2015, there were 8.7 million reported cases of meningitis worldwide, with 3

...figures-at-a-glance.html</nowiki>. Accessed 18 October 2020.</ref> Whether in a camp for displaced persons next to an active conflict zone or a safe thir ...Dec;3(1):1-2.</ref> Studies indicate a high prevalence of persistent pain in torture survivors, with an overall incidence of up to 83%.<ref>Olsen DR, Mo

...cs are covered separately on Physiopedia pages but have yet to be combined in one page. This page aims to present the research so clinicians can be more ...tps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16550446/ European guidelines for prevention in low back pain.] Eur Spine J. 2006 Mar;15 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S136-68. </ref>

...logist, occupational therapist, and speech language pathologist were noted in order to help manage the multi-faceted presentation of his disease beyond t ...isease that is progressive in nature. First described by George Huntington in 1872, HD typically has an adult onset with irreversible motor, affective, a

...ge:ClavicleFracture2.jpg|thumb|right]]&nbsp;The clavicle is the first bone in the human body to begin intramembranous ossification directly from mesenchy ...ntly causes a clavicle fracture. Radiographs confirm the diagnosis and aid in further evaluation and treatment. While most clavicle fractures are treated

...-exertion. Recovery to pre-exertion baseline can take hours to months, and in some cases, the patient never recovers to the pre-exertion baseline.<ref>Ba ...nting-the-Cost-Sept-2017.pdf</ref> The effects of the illness are spectral in nature with approximately 25% of sufferers considered severely affected, la

...ble health problem in all developed countries and is most commonly treated in primary healthcare settings. It is usually defined as pain, muscle tension, ...l patients with low back pain will have non-specific low back pain, which, in essence, is a diagnosis based on exclusion of specific pathology.<ref>Koes

...velopment (USAID) funded Learning, Acting, and Building for Rehabilitation in Health Systems (ReLAB-HS) activity would like to thank the following people ...elopment (USAID) through Learning, Acting, and Building for Rehabilitation in Health Systems (ReLAB-HS). The contents are the sole responsibility of Phys

...mc/articles/PMC3445254/</ref><ref>Fett D, Trompeter K, Platen P. Back pain in elite sports: A cross-sectional study on 1114 athletes. PLoS One [Internet] ...u B, Chen CC, Wang J, Wang XQ. Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021</ref>

In principle, any of the structures within the lumbar spine that receive inner ...in is reduced and the patient experiences symptomatic relief. This results in gentle mobilisations being used for pain relief while more forceful, deeper

...Emerging Issues in Physiotherapy Practice|Contemporary and Emerging Issues in Physiotherapy Practice]] ...[Accessed: 27th January 2017]</ref>, 10% of deaths due to tobacco smoking in the world are the result of people being exposed to second-hand smoke.

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]]<br> ...ref>French HP, Dowds J. An overview of continuing professional development in physiotherapy. Physiotherapy 2008;94(3):190-7. https://www.sciencedirect.co

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contri ...n ever and this places an increasing strain on the healthcare system.&nbsp;In theory by incorporating more telehealth into traditional rehabilitation for

...stem (triggering neuropeptide release, which produces painful inflammation in cranial vessels and the [[Brain Anatomy|dura mater]]).<ref name="Merck Manu ...ache Disorders 3rd edition beta-based field testing of vestibular migraine in China: Demographic, clinical characteristics, audiometric findings and diag