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These joints run from the first thoracic vertebra (T1) to the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) and are surrounded by a weak articular capsule. This thin ca ...ons: a comprehensive review with application to approaches to the thoracic spine]. Cureus. 2016 Nov 11;8(11).</ref>

Thoracic back pain is more likely to be caused by serious underlying pathology than * Thoracic spine pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or overuse

...es</ref> Often penetrated by the dorsal scapular<ref name=":0" /> and long thoracic nerves<ref name=":1">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ...s in the ipsilateral upper limb<ref name=":1" />. Please see the page on [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|TOS]] for more information regarding this syndrome.

...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine. [[Category:Thoracic Spine]]

* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): L1-L5 spinous and transverse processes, sacral posterior surface an * Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): T1-T12 transverse processes and the angles of ribs 7-12

...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries. ...1 Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises.] Sensors. 2021 Aug 14;21(1

In the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and thoracic regions it has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumb ...his is significant in understanding certain pathological conditions of the spine such as the typical location for a spinal disc herniation.

=== Head &amp; Cervical Spine === *[[Surgical & Post‐op Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical &amp; Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]

...nts with elbow pain may benefit from treatment directed at the cervical or thoracic spines, and/or wrist. *Prior to performing interventions directed at the spine, appropriate examination and safety screens should be performed.

...ge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factor ...broad because of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}} ...queira-Junior AL, Ribeiro IL, Camargo PR. Scapular kinematics pre–and post–thoracic thrust manipulation in individuals with and without shoulder impingement sy

...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it === Types of Spondylosis in spine ===

...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />. ...al and thoracic regions, the C7 has some features of both the cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

...nature<ref>Nikolai Bogduk. Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 5th Edition.Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier. Feb 2012.</ref><ref name=":0" ...egion, the ligaments are thin, but broad and long; they are thicker in the thoracic region, and thickest in the lumbar region.

...ing test is an orthopaedic test used to diagnose facet joint injury in the spine especially in the lumbar and cervical region.<br> ...y with the thumbs over the spinous or transverse processes of the thoracic spine on both sides. The clinician looks for pain or hypomobility /hypermobility

The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity. ...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders

...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine. # Semispinalis cervicis muscle - fascicles cover the cervical and thoracic [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] muscles

...eir corresponding [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], enclosing the thoracic cage from the posterior side.[[File:Gray312.png|Costovertebral articulation ...with the load-bearing, protection, posture and scaffolding roles that the thoracic cage provides with their stabilization properties .

Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal Group ...mentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column and a

...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo * The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine

...bending range involves pelvic, [[hip]], [[Thoracic Spine Fracture|thoracic spine]], dural and shoulder mobility</u>. However pure lumbar flexion active ROM ...lexion and true lumbar flexion measured by a dual inclinometer technique]. Spine. 1994 Dec;19(23):2698-701. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub

...Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it consists of occasiona Bilaterally extends the cervical spine and head.

...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi ...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o

...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing an

...ight showing [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis lumber spine]]. This postural change is associated with increased activity of the rectus .... thoracic kyphosis extended to the upper part of the lumbar spine (longer thoracic kyphosis is observed) 3. apparently shorter lumbar lordosis 4. normal or sl

...e lateral branches of the posterior primary divisions (dorsal rami) of the thoracic spinal nerves. ...he lower cervical region and is innervated by the dorsal rami of the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves.

...f each vertebra. These muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis d ...nts Iliocostalis Lumborum Available: https://www.rehabmypatient.com/lumbar-spine/iliocostalis-lumborum (accessed 1.12.2021)</ref>

[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]] ...sixth [[ribs]].<ref name=":1">Cramer GD, Darby SA. Clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS-e-book.</ref>

...m/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints.&nbsp; Interventions directed at the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic Thoracic Spine] and the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip Hip Joints] have been found to be

...ation mobility is an important part in examination in people with cervical spine disorders and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic H ...1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction.<ref name=":0" />

...ure (FHP), defined as the forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, has been commonly associated with neck pain.<ref>Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. [ * Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.

...t to Wall Distance is a routine clinical test for [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] mobility. It is also known The OWD may be abnormal in kyphosis (forward curvature of the upper thoracic spine) due<ref name=":1" />

Adson's test is a provocative test for [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a ...Ak&scisig=AAGBfm3Xykmd5qxt1OlNHZ--9PcI-YSzTA Provocative tests in cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]". Pain Physician 6 (

...The C1-C2 motion segment accounts for 50% of the rotation in the cervical spine.<ref name="Hall 2008">Hall TM, Robinson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliabili In this test procedure, the cervical spine is fully flexed, in an attempt to isolate movement to C1-C2, which has an u

...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac * The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />

...portion arises from&nbsp;the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ Vertical portion arises from&nbsp;the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ

...hold in common the analysis of movement in the body and its effect on the spine.&nbsp;<ref>Functional Soft Tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Metho *Correction of postural discrepancies, which is a critical factor as the spine is the principle support for the organic systems, the limbs, muscles, and s

...[[trapezius]] to form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally from the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|vertebrae]] to the medial border of the [[scapula]].&nbsp;Rhomboi ...1 vertebra. It inserts at the scapula's medial border near the base of the spine of the scapula.

...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref> ...ning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain

...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh ...s Back|Cyclists]] may develop a [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic thoracic spine]].

..., Lee RY. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15883576/ Measurement of lumbar spine loads and motions during rotational mobilization.] Journal of manipulative [[Category:Lumbar Spine]]

== Canine Spine == ...uns from the base of the head to the end of the tail.<ref>Cuteness. Canine Spine Anatomy.(Accessed on 2021/03/06). Available from https://www.cuteness.com/a

[[Category:Thoracic Spine]] The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] is an area of the spine that has, historically, been under-explored. It can, however, be a silent c

...ge/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00565-x. PMID: 1458 ...Kenzie Approach]]) for the treatment of derangement classifications of the spine.

...different types of spinal disorders ranging from low back pain to complex spine trauma and deformity. * To reduce the loading of the spine e.g in the management of unstable fracture.

...ning more or less vertically throughout the [[lumbar]], [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] regions. It lies in the groove to the s ...ed 30 November 2021]. Available from: https://www.wheelessonline.com/bones/spine/spinalis-cervicis/</ref> <ref name=":14">Radiopedia Erector Spinae Availabl

[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]] ...t can no longer support the weight of the body through that segment of the spine.

Span the whole length of the vertebral column, being most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores. * First pair is between [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T]]1 and T2, and the last is between T11 and T12. The first or la

...bone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra<ref>Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB ...ent. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]</ref> because of pressure on th

...client’s chest pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, radiating arm pain or thoracic outlet syndrome, wrist pain, and hand pain complaints. *[[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]]