[[File:Cervical pain.png|thumb|'''Cervical Pain''']] [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical]] pain is one of the most common complaints by patients presenting to physi
== Changes That Occur With Chronic Cervical Pain ==
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#REDIRECT [[Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Spine]]
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To assist in the diagnosis of [[Cervical Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]]..
....</ref>:'''positive upper limb tension test A''' (ULTTa), '''involved-side cervical''' '''rotation range of motion less than 60 degrees''', '''positive distrac
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#REDIRECT [[Changes Associated with Chronic Cervical Pain]]
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...ors. They play an enormous role in the connection and stabilization of the cervical column and the [[skull]].
...ed laterally at the upper vertebral column. They prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus co
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[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|thumb|Multifidus superficial
...]]<ref name=":0">Schomacher J, Falla D. Function and structure of the deep cervical extensor muscles in patients with neck pain. Manual therapy. 2013 Oct 1;18(
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...of the muscles, ligaments, and sometimes also the bones and nerves of the cervical spine.
...severe pain.<ref>Anderson C, Yeung E, Tong T, et al. A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplashassociated disorder. BMJ Open
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...inson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliability and Diagnostic Validity of the Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31:293-300</ref>
...has high sensitivity and specificity to detect the presence or absence of cervical joint dysfunction in neck pain and headache patients.<ref>Sandmark H, Nisel
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...and tests). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine.
...mc/articles/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]
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...Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Leino E, Manninen H. Cervical rotation lateral flexion test in brachialgia. Archives of physical medicine
* The cervical spine is passively and maximally rotated away from the side being tested.
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...otherapy, focusing on their role in optimizing patient outcomes in chronic cervical pain management.
...is an objective measurement tool used to assess the range of motion in the cervical spine. It includes various inclinometers to measure flexion, extension, lat
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...al orthopedic surgeons. Most common cause for this operation is a ruptured cervical intervertebral disk. Another reason for surgery are spurs that irritate a n
...locked nerve (=decompression) and the fusion is necessary to stabilize the cervical segment.
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...es of the Neck Prior to Musculoskeletal Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2023; 53(1) :
== Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==
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...ented independently from the trunk. The [[Biomechanics|kinematics]] of the cervical spine are complex - seven vertebrae as well as articulations with the occip
Movements of the cervical spine are 1) constrained by the [[Anatomy cervical|anatomy]] of motion segments and longer connective structures that span mul
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...a limited role in supporting the uterus and internal genitalia, unlike the cervical ligaments which are tough, non-extensible, and condensed thickening of pelv
== Cervical Ligaments ==
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...ly performed with head movement in the transverse and sagittal planes. The Cervical JPE Test has strong clinical value in identifying proprioceptive deficits i
...ad.<ref>Treleaven, J., Jull, G., & LowChoy, N. (2006). The relationship of cervical joint position error to balance and eye movement disturbances in persistent
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#REDIRECT [[Paediatric Cervical Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Overview of Cervical Spine Assessment]]
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...is formed by the communication of the anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves (C1-4). <ref name="AE">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail
[[Image:Cervical plexus anatomy.png|center|300px]]
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...Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Leino E, Manninen H. Cervical rotation lateral flexion test in brachialgia. Archives of physical medicine
* The cervical spine is passively and maximally rotated away from the side being tested.
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...loskeletal/Orthopaedics]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Ligaments]]
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...and rotation, when both splenius cervicis muscles contract they extend the cervical spine. <ref name=":0">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and huma
Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (C5, 6, 7, and 8)<ref name=":0" />
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...the cervical spine clinicians should screen individuals with neck pain for cervical myelopathy, arterial dysfunction, instability and fracture<ref>Knew WW. [ht
== Cervical Stenosis and Myelopathy ==
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Arm Squeeze Test is a clinical test used to distinguish cervical nerve root compression from shoulder disease in case of doubtful diagnosis.
...o B.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538136/ Anatomy, Head and Neck, Cervical Nerves]. StatPearls.
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...s and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic Headache|cervical headache]].<ref name=":0">Satpute K, Nalband S, Hall T. [https://www.ncbi.n
...to the C1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction.<ref name=":0" />
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Vertebra prominens is the name of the seventh cervical vertebra.
...rocess that protrudes posteriorly toward the [[skin]] at the back of the [[Cervical Anatomy|neck]].
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Transverse processes of T1 to T6, articular processes of the 4th to 7th cervical vertebrae<ref name="wh">Wheeless`textbook of orthopedic, Semispinalis Cervi
Nerve supply - Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves<ref name="wh" /><ref name="ae" />
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Anterior tubercle of transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra
Branches of the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves 7 & 8
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[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|399x399px|alt=|Top R arrow Spi
...icis]] and [[Spinalis Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it co
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[[Image:Upper cervical ligaments.png|thumb|right]]
Spans between the second cervical vertebra in the neck and the skull. It lies as a fibrous cord in the triang
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Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] C3-C6 <ref name=":0">Sam Bernes.[https://teachmeanatomy.info/ne
Anterior branches of the cervical nerves C5-C7.
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| [[Image:Cervical vertebrae lig flavum.png|thumb|200px|Anterior Longintudinal Ligament - Late
...length of the spine from the base of the skull,via the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum.
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...journal.com/linkout?issn=1533-3159&vol=6&page=199 Provocation tests in the cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physicia
...epdf/10.2519/jospt.2000.30.12.728 Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy.] J Ortho Sports PT. 2000;30(12):728-744.</ref>
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.... [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0161475403001544 Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation]:
It is used to diagnose [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Radiculopathy cervical radiculopathy] and is as definitive as the [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Sp
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...ticulations, measuring 2 × 4 to 3 × 6 mm., situated between the five lower cervical vertebral bodies. They are located anteromedially to the mixed nerve root a
They allow for flexion and extension and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine.
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| [[Image:Upper cervical ligaments.png|thumb|center]]
...tion of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane that led to the development of cervical myelopathy is rare.
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...cervical spine when looking for cervical nerve root compression causing [[Cervical Radiculopathy]]<ref name="Konin et al">Konin JG, Wiksten DL, Isear JA, Brad
...morgick Y, Mirovsky Y. What is the best way to apply the Spurling test for cervical radiculopathy? Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. 2012;470(9):2566-2572. </ref>
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...ors. They play an enormous role in the connection and stabilization of the cervical column and the [[skull]].
...ed laterally at the upper vertebral column. They prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus co
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