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...name=":0">Goodman C, Fuller K. Chapter 3: Pain Types and Viscerogenic Pain Patterns. In:DifferentialDiagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for ...oform disorders that are also recognized under this new heading. Different presentations of conversion disorder can be reported under the ICD-10-CM codes of F44.4,

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == [[Image:EDS2.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hyperextension from the PIPJs]]Patient presentations vary widely based on the respective underlying subtype.

== Clinical Presentation == ...Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2014 May;176(2):149-64.</ref>:

...y treatment in the [[shoulder]] region of a patient with [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] is a precise and comprehensive picture of the signs and symptoms as they ...975572/ Towards an integrated clinical framework for patient with shoulder pain]. Archives of physiotherapy. 2018 Dec;8(1):1-1. Available: https://www.ncbi

...">Fu R, Sutcliffe D, Zhao H, Huang X, Schretlen DJ, Benkovic S, Jinnah HA. Clinical severity in Lesch-Nyhan disease: the role of residual enzyme and compensato ...inherited metabolic disease because of the familial occurrence and unusual clinical features.<ref>Lesch M, Nyhan WL. A familial disorder of uric acid metabolis

...tion have been described, since the time of Hippocrates, for the relief of pain.<ref name="Saunders">Saunders HD. Lumbar traction*. J Orthop Sports Phys Th ... Jacobs WC, van Limbeek J. No effect of traction in patients with low back pain: a single centre, single blind, randomized controlled trial of Intervertebr

...t of the disease<ref name="Kim">Kim JS. Pure lateral medullary infarction: clinical–radiological correlation of 130 acute, consecutive patients. Brain. 2003 == Clinical Presentation ==

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == Patients with tetraplegia have different clinical presentations, depending on the level of the injury. In general, all patients have motor

...als must be able to assess, analyse, and determine the cause of a client’s pain or impairment. Exercises are then prescribed in order to address deficits i ...=":0" /> Moreover, there is a large body of research to support its use in clinical practice.<ref>Maestroni L, Read P, Bishop C, Papadopoulos K, Suchomel TJ, C

* Psychological – what are the patient’s beliefs about the pain? What was their psychological state before the illness or injury?   === Low Back Pain ===

...f name=":0">Alshami AM, Souvlis T, Coppieters MW. A review of plantar heel pain of neural origin: differential diagnosis and management. Manual therapy. 20 ...Burns J. Determinants of footwear difficulties in people with plantar heel pain. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2015 Dec;8(1):1-7.</ref>

...ick TR. Effects of running speed on a probabilistic stress fracture model. Clinical Biomechanics. 2010;25:372-377.</ref> They are a consequence of exceeding re == Clinical Presentation ==

...ity causes a lifetime of disability as the affected individual experiences pain and difficulty in walking. People with untreated clubfoot find it difficult ...clinical considerations. It will not teach practical skills or lead to any clinical qualification. The global network formed through this course allows for sha

...6 Examination of and intervention for a patient with chronic lateral elbow pain with signs of nerve entrapment.] Physical therapy 2002;82(11):1077-86.</ref ...Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2018;24:782.</ref> The causes of posterior interosseous nerve sy

...lic disorders in the United States: a comprehensive review. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2009 Jun 1;94(6):1853-78.</ref> == Clinical Presentation ==

[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Presentations_and_Publications See presentations and publications list here]. ...embers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/chris-worsfold/ Chris Worsfold], Neck Pain Specialist, UK''

...e acetabulum and the proximal femur, which results in particular symptoms, clinical signs and imaging findings.<ref>Murphy NJ, Eyles J, Bennell KL, Bohensky M, == Clinical Presentation ==

...20. Available from: https://www.groovimovements.co.za/greater-trochanteric-pain-syndrome-recommended-exercises-progressions/</ref>. ...cently in the research compared to other structures that can cause gluteal pain such as [[Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome|Sacroiliac Joint]] and the [https://phy

...G, Larose TL. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2018 Dec 12;36(36):3574.</ref>. == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

...case was created for educational purposes, and highlights some of the key clinical findings of a 17-year old male athlete who experienced a [[Assessment and M ...used on patient education, increasing cervical range of motion, decreasing pain with movement, improving balance and eye movements, aerobic exercise and fu

...mani R, Anderson L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4168242/ Clinical understanding of spasticity: implications for practice]. Rehabilitation res ...) <ref name="Pandyan">Pandyan AD, Gregoric M, Barnes MP et al. Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement. Disabil Reh

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == * Chest pain

...link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12185-019-02814-8.pdf Molecular and clinical profile of type 2 von Willebrand disease in Iran: a thirteen-year experienc ...une reactions''' in people with cardiac defects; certain forms of [[Cancer pain|cancer]]<nowiki/>s; [[Diabetes|diabetes mellitus]]; [[Autoimmune Disorders|

...io-pedia.com/Pregnancy_Related_Pelvic_Pain pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP)]. The last two patterns can occur separately or combined.<ref name=" ...=1&isAllowed=y Identification and management of pregnancy-related low back pain]. Journal of nurse-midwifery. 1998 Sep 1;43(5):331-40.</ref><br>

#[[Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Guidelines]] (complete) #[[Pain Management in Spinal Cord Injury]]

...in late adolescence. Wilson's disease typically manifests into two common presentations: Liver disease or neurological symptoms, due to these organ's large involve == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

...neonatal brachial plexus palsy: integrative literature review]. Journal of clinical medicine. 2019 Jul 5;8(7):980.</ref> NBPP causes flaccid paralysis or weakn ...V (full function) to I (no function). This test is easy to administer in a clinical setting and has been found to have good internal consistency, inter-observe

...siologic [[Stress and Health|stress]] or, in some cases, maybe the initial clinical presentation in patients with previously undiagnosed diabetes. Some of the #* Abdominal pain

== Clinical Presentation == ...th HSP <ref name=":3">Harding AE. Hereditary "pure" spastic paraplegia: a clinical and genetic study of 22 families. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psych

...each with different epidemiologies, etiologies, immunophenotypic, genetic, clinical features, and response to therapy. It can be divided into two groups, 'indo ...B Saunders; 2003.</ref> have a wide range of histological appearances and clinical features at presentation, which can make diagnosis difficult<ref name=":0">

...n the patient’s gait.<ref>Passias.P, Cervical myelopathy (2015), chapter 4:clinical diagnosis of cervical myelopathy</ref> This evaluation has demonstrated its ...auma and the mode of onset are primordial to assessing the myelopathy into clinical categories.<ref name=":0" />

* Adult-onset [[focal dystonia]] syndromes are by far the most frequent presentations of this disease. In recent research on focal syndromes, the majority of pat ...’s cramp or musician’s dystonia. Cervical dystonia and dystonia-associated pain negatively affect employment status and productivity. The influence of neur

* [https://physio-pedia.com/Patellofemoral_Pain_Syndrome Patellofemoral pain] ...trings and calf problems were reported by male marathon runners, while hip pain problems were common among women<ref>Fredericson M, Misra AK. Epidemiology

[[File:Fibromyalgia Pain Chart.JPG|right|frameless]] ...source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal chronic pain], stiffness, and tenderness of [[Muscle|muscles]], [[Tendon Anatomy|tendons

...merican Academy of Neurology recommend the clinicians discuss the clinical presentations of the PwP at least once yearly with a physiotherapist to consider when wou ...ing extra attention to their gait hence it is challenging to assess FOG in clinical situations.

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation/Examination == ...r, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rash. The second stage presents with more severe symptoms su

...patient’s challenges/dysfunctions and, from there, develop an appropriate clinical plan to achieve the best outcomes for a patient.<ref name=":0">van der Walt ...ression in Relation to Catastrophizing and Pain-Related Anxiety in Chronic Pain Patients.] PLoS One. 2015; 10(4): e0126351. </ref> negative expectations o

...clinical features such as decreased cervical range of movement, weakness, pain on palpation and the presence of trigger points to name a few. ...ut the need for a chair but use a chair for more effective, appropriate or pain-free ways of getting around.<ref>NHS England. (2014). Improving Wheelchair

...(CNS) disorders are responsible for >20% of deaths.<ref name=":0" /> Late clinical presentation, advanced immunosuppression and a high burden of infectious di .../content/clinmedicine/11/6/571.full.pdf Neurological complications in HIV. Clinical Medicine]. 2011 Dec;11(6):571.</ref>CNS conditions can result in long hospi

...ome encompasses various anatomical structures and can present with diverse clinical manifestations. ...gnosis is essential to distinguish TOS from other pathologies with similar presentations. Imaging studies and electrodiagnostic evaluation are valuable adjuncts in

Sternum pain is pain or discomfort in the area of the chest that contains the sternum and the ca ...today [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320185 Causes of sternal pain] Available from:https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320185 (last acce

.../36199-Humanity--Inclusion-Clinical-Handbook-web_1.pdf Humanity--Inclusion-Clinical-Handbook.]</ref> ...g large surges in patient numbers, limited equipment, and complex clinical presentations. They also need to be aware of the impact of these factors when considering

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == *Fractures &amp; bone pain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <ref name

...e worldwide impact of all diseases and risk factors included back and neck pain, osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders in the leading ten caus ...ists of painful musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis and back pain. Risk factors include physical inactivity, obesity and injury.

...he deep neck flexors has been shown through clinical trials to reduce neck pain and headache. This type of training has been shown to enhance the pattern o ...ability of isometric muscle endurance tests in subjects with postural neck pain]. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2008; 31(5): 348-

'''''Discussion:''''' This case analyzes the clinical presentation and course of inpatient rehabilitation in a young male with NM ...iteria for NMO are summarized in Table 1.⁵ The six listed core clinical characteristics involve 1 of 6 central nervous system regions: optic nerve,

...ndrome (CTS): The role of occupational factors. Best Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2011;25:31–42.</ref> == Clinical Presentation ==

..., a Stroke is defined as an accident to the brain with "rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance to cerebral function, with symptoms la == Clinical Presentation ==

....nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137406/pdf/13054_2020_Article_2851.pdf A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19]. Crit Care. 20 ...10.1093/ageing/afy169. Erratum in: Age Ageing. 2019 Jul 1;48(4):601.</ref>Clinical assessment should follow recommendations published by the International Wor

...sion) of the spinal nerves. Spinal stenosis can cause back pain and/or leg pain. Most often it occurs when you walk. Weakness of the legs may make you feel ...tinue to rise in the future, increasing the financial burden of lower back pain.

...skin forms on the weight-bearing surface and the deformed position causes pain and leaves the feet open to injury and infection. The person will not be ab Failure in the formation of the tibia. There is a spectrum of presentations from complete absence to a slightly short tibia. In this case there is only

==Impact on clinical practice== ...the course. These instances relate to re-evaluation of service delivery in clinical departments and/or individuals who have been motivated to try to makes chan

...Shukla D, Devi BI, Agrawal A. Outcome measures for traumatic brain injury. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2011;113(6):435-41.</ref> ...g collected is both valid and accurate wit ha consistent recording of both clinical and research information. Despitethe increased use of validated outcome an

** <u>Physical activity</u>: pain increases to 8/10 with ~20 min of moderate activity, particularly when the ** <u>Cognitive activity</u>: pain level increases to 5/10 with ~30 min of activities such as reading, plannin

...</ref> Effective management of spinal cord injury is reliant upon accurate clinical examination and classification of the neurological injury combined with det ...back to the brain. <ref name=":2">Moore KL, Agur AM, Dalley AF. Essential Clinical Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002 Mar.</ref><ref n

..." /><ref name=":4">Zarour AM, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H, Scalea TM, Chiu WC. Presentations and outcomes in patients with traumatic diaphragmatic injury: a 15-year exp == Clinical Presentation ==

[[File:Pain stress brain.png|thumb]] ...g, pain-related anxiety, stress and learned helplessness can impact upon a pain experience and a patient's coping strategies. While this is unlikely to be

...ent. As such, it is important to bear in mind that those with poly-trauma, pain or post-operative medications may be unable to complete the assessment with ==== Pain ====

...to facilitate a muscle response, which uses a combination of coolness and pain sensation to produce the desired response. ...nd align the body. Proper positioning can be useful to minimize or prevent pain and stiffness that are commonly present post-impairment. It can also regain

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == Hamstring strain results in a sudden, minimal to severe pain in the posterior thigh. Also, a "popping" or tearing impression can be desc

== Clinical Presentation == ...with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. Some of the variation in symptoms and clinical presentation are due to the different mediators that may be released by the

...Brief ICF Core Set can be used in '''assessing patients participating in a clinical study on osteoporosis'''. <ref>ICF Research Branch. ICF Core Set for Osteop |Sensation of pain

...ng programs in conjunction with hydrotherapy in order to limit fatigue and pain during treatment. Finally, aerobic recovery and function was addressed thro ...sensory, speech, and respiratory categories of symptoms<ref name=":0" />. Clinical tests focused on motor disability should encompass impairments in strength,

...-Aspects-of-Assessment-and-Management.pdf Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: Clinical Aspects of Assessment and Management.] J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Jun; </ref> Pain is usually worse during or after activities such as running, lunging, squat

...g their [[Clinical Reasoning|clinical reasoning]] process when considering presentations involving the head and neck<ref>Rushton A, Carlesso L, Flynn T, Hing W, Ru ...ty regarding screening tools,<ref>Bolton PS, Stick PE, Lord RS. Failure of clinical tests to predict cerebral ischemia before neck manipulation. J Manipulative

== Clinical Signs and Symptoms == Joint pain: People with skeletal dysplasia may experience joint pain and stiffness, especially in the hips and knees.

...e Shoulder: Selected Disorders and Their Management with Physical Therapy. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice. 2007;22(4):171-82.</ref> ...eley BJ, McConnell JF. Comparison between shoulder computed tomography and clinical findings in 89 dogs presented for thoracic limb lameness. Vet Radiol Ultras

...common pathologies such as [[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patella femoral pain syndrome (PFPS)]], [[Plantarfasciitis|plantar fasciitis]], and [[Iliotibial ...Gender differences in walking and running on level and inclined surfaces. Clinical Biomechanics 2008; 23: 1260-1268.</ref> This cluster of positions is common

...ay improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referred pain. * thoracic pain of lower cervical origin,

...pically affects the spine and the sacroilliac (SI) joints. Common clinical presentations of this disease can include: <ref name=":0">Zhu W., He X., Cheng K., Zhang * Inflammatory nature of [[Chronic Low Back Pain|chronic back pain]] which improves with exercise

Respiratory failure is a clinical condition that happens when the [[Respiratory Assessment|respiratory]] syst == Clinical Presentation ==

...or cruciate ligament reconstructions in Italy: a 15-year study. Journal of clinical medicine.] 2021 Feb 1;10(3):499.</ref>PCL injury alone accounts for approxi ...ak TG. Arthroscopic Transtibial PCL Reconstruction: Surgical Technique and Clinical Outcomes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018;11(2):307-15.</ref> They occur l

...mentia</nowiki> (accessed 8 May 2021).</ref>. There are extensive clinical presentations and patient challenges of LBD, including fluctuating cognitive deficits, im == Clinical impression ==

...late pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, and relationship with lumbo-pelvic pain. Manual therapy. 2015 Feb 1;20(1):200-5.</ref> which studied 84 first-time ...itative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. 2021 Feb;11(2):706.</ref>. In the clinical practice, different measurement methods of IRD are applied.<ref>Michalska A

...-6.</ref>. The first symptoms noticed are typically numbness, tingling, or pain (alone or in combination) beginning in the feet and ascending proximally to * Bilateral numbness, tingling, or pain (alone or in combination) that begins in the hands and feet

...ficial or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctio ..., Van der Merwe J. The psychological impact of torture. British Journal of Pain. 2013 May;7(2):101-6.</ref> <ref>Ojha P. Survivors of Torture. InDiversity

.../Secondary-progressive-MS</nowiki> </ref>. Progression is measured through clinical evaluation of the patient’s status and outcome measures, at least once a ...o walk with single-point cane for at least 30 minutes without experiencing pain or fatigue.

...gement-of-displaced-persons-with-pain-course/ Assessment and Management of Pain for Displaced Persons] # [https://members.physio-pedia.com/pain-assessment-and-management-for-displaced-persons-webinar-course/ Trauma Info

...nt to that of some well-known, very severe medical conditions.<ref>Wichita clinical study [Internet]. Me-pedia.org. [cited 2020m Oct 24]. Available from: https ...ng controversy of whether the symptoms are even representative of a unique clinical disease or possibly several overlapping illnesses. Originally considered to

...nical-case-studies-of-lower-limb-rehabilitation-techniques-webinar-course/ Clinical Case Studies of the Lower Limb] ...nical-case-studies-of-upper-limb-rehabilitation-techniques-webinar-course/ Clinical Case Studies of the Upper Limb]

...will help students gain a comprehensive understanding of typical clinical presentations, physiotherapy assessments, interventions, interdisciplinary management, an ...toms over the duration of the disease. <ref name=":3">Ghosh R, Tabrizi SJ. Clinical Features of Huntington’s Disease. Polyglutamine Disorders. 2018;1049:1–

...increased sedentary lifestyle has been shown to predispose individuals to pain, disabling conditions, and musculoskeletal complaints. In the workplace, th ...njunction with themselves or their environment.<ref>National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Behaviour change: the principles for effective interventions. L

...sion over the next five years. Common conditions highlighted were low back pain, neurological conditions, and hearing loss. This forum highlighted just how ...s://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.7453/gahmj.2015.048 Preventing Chronic Pain: A Human Systems Approach - Results from a Massive Open Online Course]. Glo

== Clinical Syndromes == The World Health Organisation outlines the following Clinical Syndromes associated with COVID-19: <ref name=":1" />

* 1025 clinical placement hours ...tting. Physiotherapists can be involved in any overlap of settings such as clinical, teaching and training, emergency relief from disasters, disease outbreaks

...t Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Profile and Co-morbidity]. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2023; ...ng in Children with ADHD: An Investigation of the Role of Impairment, ADHD Presentations, and Psychiatric Comorbidity. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2017; 21(9):