Psychological Approaches to Pain Management: Difference between revisions
Scott Buxton (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Scott Buxton (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
= The Difference Between Acute and Chronic Pain = | = The Difference Between Acute and Chronic Pain = | ||
Previously pain used to fit into the biomedical model with a reductionist view (i.e Pain was derived from a specific physical pathology) and catagorically dismissed social, psychological and behavioural mechanisms as irrelevent and of no importance to understanding pain<ref name="asm" />. | Previously pain used to fit into the biomedical model with a reductionist view (i.e Pain was derived from a specific physical pathology) and catagorically dismissed social, psychological and behavioural mechanisms as irrelevent and of no importance to understanding pain<ref name="asm" />. This is grossly oversimplified and now we understand that pain is more than a simple response to a physical stimulus and in recent years several models of pain models have been created to explain and develop our understanding of pain. | ||
<br> | |||
Acute pain can be defined as: | |||
<blockquote> | |||
the normal, predicted physiological response to an adverse chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus… associated with surgery, trauma and acute illness<ref name="Fed">Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States .Model guidelines for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of pain. The Federation, Euless, TX (1998)</ref>. | |||
</blockquote> | |||
As the definition states, acute pain is a '''predicted''' response to a stimulus. If you have had surgery to repair and fractured hip, there will be a usual pattern of pain and rate of recovery based upon the patients demographics. However to take this definition further one could say that pain is: | |||
<blockquote> | |||
a complex perceptual phenomenon that involves a number of dimensions, including, but not limiting to, intensity, quality, time course and personal meaning<ref name="Mer">Merskey, H., Bogduk, N., 1994. | |||
Classification of chronic pain: | |||
descriptions of chronic pain | |||
syndromes and definitions of pain | |||
terms, second ed. IASP Press, Seattle</ref>. | |||
</blockquote> | |||
This definition incorporates the modern thinking of pain, not just acute pain but pain as a whole. The first definition is still true in the fact that acute pain is predictable and does follow a pattern but the second quote reflects the more complex nature of pain and is a reminder that pain should not be thought of as the same for all patients. It becomes even more complex when pain changes from the predictable pattern of duration and nature to an unpredictable and unexplained phenomenon that exceeds the usual duration of healing and becomes chronic. | |||
Chronic pain can be defined as: | |||
<blockquote> | |||
</blockquote><blockquote> | |||
</blockquote> | |||
<br> | |||
= References = | = References = | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 17:46, 13 March 2014
This article or area is currently under construction and may be partially completed. Please come back soon to see the finished work!. (17 May 2024)
Original Editor - Scott Buxton
Top Contributors - Scott Buxton, Admin, Evan Thomas, Lauren Lopez, Kim Jackson, Vidya Acharya, WikiSysop, Tolulope Adeniji and 127.0.0.1
Pain Management[edit | edit source]
What is Pain Management?[edit | edit source]
Pain management is an area of modern medicine which utilises the multi-disciplinary team to help ease the pain and suffering of patients living with long-term pain to improve their quality of life[1]. Medicine is usually the first port of call to manage pain, however, when pain in not responsive to medication, or resistant to treatment, or persists after healing has occurred and an exact cause of the pain has not been found alternative treatment or a combined approach can be used[2].
The alternative to medicine or combined approaches to pain management are broad and each of which can be based upon different paradigms of understanding pain. The different approaches come from the wide range of healthcare professionals unique treatments towards pain management, not only limited to Mental-Health or Psychiatrists but can include Physiotherapists, Occupational Therapists, Nurse Practitioners, Medics, Nuse Specialists and Massage Therapists.
Different Types of Management/Treatment[edit | edit source]
The techniques these professionals use can be and not limited to: (This list is not exhaustive and please add more!)
- Patient Education
- Operant Conditioning Approaches
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Distraction
- Classical Conditioning Approaches
- Social Support Methods
- Relaxation Methods
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Hypnosis
- Biofeedback
What is the Psychological Approach to Pain Management[edit | edit source]
As well as the neural interactions and links the brain goes through when a person is in pain, there are multiple layers of complex abstract thoughts and feelings a person goes through which culminates how much pain a person feels and how they deal with pain. Their cognitive constructs, behavioural constructs and environmental influences are all intertwined in a complex web of individuality which need to be considered and incorporated into any treatments for them to be effective and are found out during an initial assessment[3]. It is these personal, individual and holistic areas which make it a pscyhological approach sitting within the biopsychosocial model of patient treatment.
The Difference Between Acute and Chronic Pain[edit | edit source]
Previously pain used to fit into the biomedical model with a reductionist view (i.e Pain was derived from a specific physical pathology) and catagorically dismissed social, psychological and behavioural mechanisms as irrelevent and of no importance to understanding pain[3]. This is grossly oversimplified and now we understand that pain is more than a simple response to a physical stimulus and in recent years several models of pain models have been created to explain and develop our understanding of pain.
Acute pain can be defined as:
the normal, predicted physiological response to an adverse chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus… associated with surgery, trauma and acute illness[4].
As the definition states, acute pain is a predicted response to a stimulus. If you have had surgery to repair and fractured hip, there will be a usual pattern of pain and rate of recovery based upon the patients demographics. However to take this definition further one could say that pain is:
a complex perceptual phenomenon that involves a number of dimensions, including, but not limiting to, intensity, quality, time course and personal meaning[5].
This definition incorporates the modern thinking of pain, not just acute pain but pain as a whole. The first definition is still true in the fact that acute pain is predictable and does follow a pattern but the second quote reflects the more complex nature of pain and is a reminder that pain should not be thought of as the same for all patients. It becomes even more complex when pain changes from the predictable pattern of duration and nature to an unpredictable and unexplained phenomenon that exceeds the usual duration of healing and becomes chronic.
Chronic pain can be defined as:
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Hardy, Paul A. J. (1997). Chronic pain management: the essentials. U.K.: Greenwich Medical Media
- ↑ Butler DS, Moseley GL. Explain pain. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications; 2003
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Asmundson,G. Gomez-Perez,L. Richter, A. Carleton, RN. The psychology of pain: models and targetsfckLRfor comprehensive assessment. Chapter 4 in Hubert van Griensven’s Pain: A text book for health care professionals. Elsevier, 2014.
- ↑ Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States .Model guidelines for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of pain. The Federation, Euless, TX (1998)
- ↑ Merskey, H., Bogduk, N., 1994. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms, second ed. IASP Press, Seattle
