Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke
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Objective
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PASS is a postural assessment scale specifically designed to assess and monitor postural control after stroke. It contains 12 four-level items of varying difficulty for assessing ability to maintain or change a given lying, sitting, or standing posture
Intended Population
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Stroke patients
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
The PASS consists of 2 5-task sections with a 4-point scale to describe each task. The total score ranges from 0 - 36.
Maintaining Posture[edit | edit source]
1: Sitting without support
0 = cannot sit
1 = can sit with slight support (e.g. by 1 hand)
2 = can sit for more than 10 seconds without support
3 = can sit for 5 minutes without support
2: Standing with support
0 = cannot stand, even with support
1 = can stand with strong support of 2 people
2 = can stand with moderate support of 1 person
3 = can stand with support on only 1 hand
3: Standing without support
0 = cannot stand without support
1 = can stand without support for 10 seconds or leans heavily on 1 leg
2 = can stand without support for 1 minute or stands slightly asymmetrically
3 = can stand without support for more than 1 minute and at the same time perform arm movements above the shoulder level
4 and 5: Standing on the nonparetic / paretic leg
0 = cannot stand on the leg
1 = can stand on the leg for a few seconds
2 = can stand on the leg for more than 5 seconds
3 = can stand on the leg for more than 10 seconds
Changing a Posture[edit | edit source]
Scoring of items 6 to 12 is as follows (items 6 to 11 are to be performed with a 50-cm-high examination table, like a Bobath plane; items 10 to 12 are to be performed without any support; no other constraints):
6. Supine to affected side lateral
7. Supine to nonaffected side lateral
8. Supine to sitting up on the edge of the table
9. Sitting on the edge of the table to supine
10. Sitting to standing up
11. Standing up to sitting down
12. Standing, picking up a pencil from the floor
Items 6 - 10
0 = cannot perform the activity
1 = can perform the activity with much help
2 = can perform the activity with little help
3 = can perform the activity without help
Reference
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Benaim C, Pérennou DA, Villy J, Rousseaux M, Pelissier JY. Validation of a standardized assessment of postural control in stroke patients: the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS). Stroke. 1999 Sep;30(9):1862-8.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Validity[edit | edit source]
PASS is one of the most valid and reliable clinical assessments of postural control in stroke patients during the first 3 months after stroke[1]
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Miscellaneous
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There is strong evidence that a short form of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke patients, the 5-item PASS-3L, has sound psycho-metric properties in people with stroke[2].
Links[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ Benaim C, Pérennou DA, Villy J, Rousseaux M, Pelissier JY. Validation of a standardized assessment of postural control in stroke patients: the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS). Stroke. 1999 Sep;30(9):1862-8.
- ↑ Stroke 2002;33(4):1022-7. Wang CH, Hsueh IP, Sheu CF, Yao G, Hsieh CL. Psychometric properties of 2 simplified 3-level balance scales used for patients with stroke. Phys Ther 2004;84(5):430-8.
