Piriformis: Difference between revisions
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= Description = | == Description == | ||
[[Image:Piriformis-muscle.jpg|border|right|200x200px]]Piriformis is a flat muscle and the most superficial muscle of the deep gluteal muscles. It is part of the lateral rotators of the hip (obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus, and [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Gluteus_Maximus gluteus maximus]). It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch, until its fixation reaches the superior margin of the greater trochanter.<ref name="Oatis">Oatis, C. A., (2009). Kinesiology : the mechanics and pathomechanics of human movement (2nd ed). Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> It has a | [[Image:Piriformis-muscle.jpg|border|right|200x200px]]Piriformis is a flat muscle and the most superficial muscle of the deep gluteal muscles. It is part of the lateral rotators of the hip (obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus, and [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Gluteus_Maximus gluteus maximus]). It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch, until its fixation reaches the superior margin of the greater trochanter.<ref name="Oatis">Oatis, C. A., (2009). Kinesiology : the mechanics and pathomechanics of human movement (2nd ed). Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> It has a pyramidal shape that lies almost parallel with the posterior margin of the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Gluteus_Medius gluteus medius]. | ||
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= Anatomy = | == Anatomy<ref name="Oatis" /> == | ||
=== Origin | === Origin === | ||
*Anterior aspect of the sacrum at the level of about S2 through S4 | *Anterior aspect of the sacrum at the level of about S2 through S4 | ||
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=== Insertion | === Insertion === | ||
*Superior and medial aspects of the greater trochanter. | *Superior and medial aspects of the greater trochanter. | ||
=== Nerve | === Nerve === | ||
*Sacral plexus,5 and S1,2 | *Sacral plexus,5 and S1,2 | ||
=== Artery | === Artery === | ||
*Inferior gluteal artery, the lateral sacral artery, internal pudendal and the superior gluteal artery | *Inferior gluteal artery, the lateral sacral artery, internal pudendal and the superior gluteal artery<ref name="lowerlimb">http://lowerlimbanatomy.wikispaces.com/Piriformis</ref> | ||
=== Function<ref name="Oatis" /><ref name="Moore">Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically oriented anatomy (7th ed).Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> === | === Function<ref name="Oatis" /><ref name="Moore">Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically oriented anatomy (7th ed).Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> === | ||
*Lateral Rotation of the hip when it is extended | *Lateral Rotation of the hip when it is extended | ||
*Abduction fo the hip when it is flexed. | *Abduction fo the hip when it is flexed. | ||
= Clinical relevance = | == Clinical relevance == | ||
The piriformis muscle can be used to locate the sciatic nerve. This nerve enters the gluteal region inferiorly to the piriformis. If the lateral rotators of the hip are tight they may exert pressure on the sciatic nerve, producing pain radiating into the lower extremity.<ref name="Oatis" /><ref name="teachmeanatomy">http://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/muscles/gluteal-region/</ref> This is known as [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Piriformis_Syndrome#cite_note-x10-6 Piriformis Syndrome]. | The piriformis muscle can be used to locate the sciatic nerve. This nerve enters the gluteal region inferiorly to the piriformis. If the lateral rotators of the hip are tight they may exert pressure on the sciatic nerve, producing pain radiating into the lower extremity.<ref name="Oatis" /><ref name="teachmeanatomy">http://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/muscles/gluteal-region/</ref> This is known as [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Piriformis_Syndrome#cite_note-x10-6 Piriformis Syndrome]. | ||
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= Assessment = | == Assessment == | ||
=== Palpation === | === Palpation === | ||
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[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Piriformis_Test Piriformis Test] | [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Piriformis_Test Piriformis Test] | ||
= Treatment = | == Treatment == | ||
=== Strengthening === | === Strengthening === | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
Revision as of 10:06, 7 August 2018
Original Editor - Lucas Villalta
Top Contributors - Lucas Villalta, Vidya Acharya, Kim Jackson, Candace Goh, 127.0.0.1, Laura Ritchie, Evan Thomas, WikiSysop and Wendy Snyders;
Description[edit | edit source]
Piriformis is a flat muscle and the most superficial muscle of the deep gluteal muscles. It is part of the lateral rotators of the hip (obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus, and gluteus maximus). It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch, until its fixation reaches the superior margin of the greater trochanter.[1] It has a pyramidal shape that lies almost parallel with the posterior margin of the gluteus medius.
Anatomy[1][edit | edit source]
Origin[edit | edit source]
- Anterior aspect of the sacrum at the level of about S2 through S4
- Sacrotuberous ligament
- Periphery of the greater sciatic notch
| [2] |
Insertion[edit | edit source]
- Superior and medial aspects of the greater trochanter.
Nerve[edit | edit source]
- Sacral plexus,5 and S1,2
Artery[edit | edit source]
- Inferior gluteal artery, the lateral sacral artery, internal pudendal and the superior gluteal artery[3]
Function[1][4][edit | edit source]
- Lateral Rotation of the hip when it is extended
- Abduction fo the hip when it is flexed.
Clinical relevance[edit | edit source]
The piriformis muscle can be used to locate the sciatic nerve. This nerve enters the gluteal region inferiorly to the piriformis. If the lateral rotators of the hip are tight they may exert pressure on the sciatic nerve, producing pain radiating into the lower extremity.[1][5] This is known as Piriformis Syndrome.
Another importance of this muscle is that it divides the gluteal region into a superior and inferior part. Therefore, it determines the name of the vessels and nerves that supply the area (e.g. the superior gluteal nerve and vessels emerge superiorly to the piriformis, and the inferior gluteal nerve and vessels emerge inferiorly to the piriformis).[5]
Assessment[edit | edit source]
Palpation[edit | edit source]
It may be palpable indirectly through the gluteus maximus into the greater sciatic notch.
Test[edit | edit source]
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Strengthening[edit | edit source]
Stretching[edit | edit source]
Manual techniques[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Oatis, C. A., (2009). Kinesiology : the mechanics and pathomechanics of human movement (2nd ed). Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- ↑ Michael Forrester. 201603 Visual Anatomy of the Hips Part 5 Lateral Hip Rotation Piriformis and more. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nq00pUMKlQo
- ↑ http://lowerlimbanatomy.wikispaces.com/Piriformis
- ↑ Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically oriented anatomy (7th ed).Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/muscles/gluteal-region/
