Physiology In Sport: Difference between revisions
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Physiology and anatomy are two closely related branches of biology<ref name="Branches of biology">Branches of biology - Biology-Online Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Branches_of_biology</ref>. | Physiology and anatomy are two closely related branches of biology<ref name="Branches of biology">Branches of biology - Biology-Online Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Branches_of_biology</ref>. | ||
While '''anatomy''' is the science that investigates the structure of the body, '''physiology''' is the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things<ref name="Tate 2011">Tate P. Seeley’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 2 edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2011. 960 p.</ref>. Physiology derives from Ancient Greek φύσις (physis), meaning "nature, origin", and -λογία (-logia), meaning "study of"<ref name="Physiology">Physiology on Online Etymology Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physiology&amp;amp;allowed_in_frame=0</ref>. | While '''anatomy''' is the science that investigates the structure of the body, '''physiology''' is the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things<ref name="Tate 2011">Tate P. Seeley’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 2 edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2011. 960 p.</ref>. Physiology derives from Ancient Greek φύσις (physis), meaning "nature, origin", and -λογία (-logia), meaning "study of"<ref name="Physiology">Physiology on Online Etymology Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physiology&amp;amp;amp;allowed_in_frame=0</ref>. | ||
The major goals of physiology are<ref name="Tate 2011" />:<br> | The major goals of physiology are<ref name="Tate 2011" />:<br> | ||
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During physical exercise, requirements for oxygen and substrate in skeletal muscle are increased, as are the removal of metabolites and carbon dioxide. Chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli affect alterations in metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilatory function in order to meet these increased demands<ref name="Burton 2004">Burton DA, Stokes K, Hall GM. Physiological effects of exercise. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2004 Jan 12;4(6):185–8.</ref>.<br> | During physical exercise, requirements for oxygen and substrate in skeletal muscle are increased, as are the removal of metabolites and carbon dioxide. Chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli affect alterations in metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilatory function in order to meet these increased demands<ref name="Burton 2004">Burton DA, Stokes K, Hall GM. Physiological effects of exercise. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2004 Jan 12;4(6):185–8.</ref>.<br> | ||
== Muskuloskeletal System == | |||
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Revision as of 19:47, 31 May 2016
Original Editor - Alberto Bertaggia.
Top Contributors - Wanda van Niekerk, Naomi O'Reilly, Alberto Bertaggia, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, 127.0.0.1, Evan Thomas, WikiSysop, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Tony Lowe and Jess Bell
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Biology is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and vital processes, both in animals and plants[1].
Physiology and anatomy are two closely related branches of biology[2].
While anatomy is the science that investigates the structure of the body, physiology is the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things[3]. Physiology derives from Ancient Greek φύσις (physis), meaning "nature, origin", and -λογία (-logia), meaning "study of"[4].
The major goals of physiology are[3]:
- to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli;
- to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of a continually changing environment.
Exercise physiology is the specialistic branch of physiology which study the acute responses and chronic adaptations to a wide range of exercise conditions.
Exercise physiology
[edit | edit source]
Exercise is one of the most common stimulii which perturbates human homeostasis[5].
Usually people think of exercise as a sport-related activity to increment performance and train athletes (such as basketball, football, volleyball, hockey players, weightlifters, runners, etc.). But physical exercise is also present during job-related physical activity (lifting loads, moving objects, walking and standing for 8 hours, etc.), activities of daily living (doing laundry, mowing the lawn, cleaning house, cooking dinner, etc.), and rehabilitation of patients, such as following a stroke or heart attack. In all of these non-sport-related activities, exercise is involved. Therefore, exercise physiology matters in all of these contexts.
The physiological response to exercise is dependent on the intensity, duration and frequency of the exercise as well as the environmental conditions[6].
During physical exercise, requirements for oxygen and substrate in skeletal muscle are increased, as are the removal of metabolites and carbon dioxide. Chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli affect alterations in metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilatory function in order to meet these increased demands[6].
Muskuloskeletal System[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Definition of BIOLOGY [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biology
- ↑ Branches of biology - Biology-Online Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Branches_of_biology
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tate P. Seeley’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 2 edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2011. 960 p.
- ↑ Physiology on Online Etymology Dictionary [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 31]. Available from: http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physiology&amp;amp;allowed_in_frame=0
- ↑ Silverthorn DU. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 7 edition. San Francisco: Pearson; 2015. 960 p.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Burton DA, Stokes K, Hall GM. Physiological effects of exercise. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2004 Jan 12;4(6):185–8.
