Physical Activity and Non-Communicable Diseases: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Chalchisa Abdeta|Chalchisa Abdeta]] | |||
'''Original Editor '''- [[ | |||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
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== Non-Communicable Diseases == | == Non-Communicable Diseases == | ||
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) | [[Non-Communicable Diseases]] (NCDs) are conditions that are not transferred from person to person (non-contagious) and occur as result of combined behavioural, physiological, environmental and genetic factors<ref name=":2">WHO. Non-Communicable Diseases fact sheet. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 2017; [/www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/ http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/] Accessed on 30<sup>th</sup> April, 2017</ref>. | ||
There are four main types of NCDs :- | |||
* Cardiovascular diseases ( | * [[Cardiovascular Disease|Cardiovascular diseases]] (such as [[Myocardial Infarction|heart attacks]] and [[stroke]]) | ||
* Cancers | * [[Oncology|Cancers]] | ||
* Chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) | * Chronic respiratory diseases (such as [[COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)|chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] and [[asthma]]) | ||
* Diabetes | * [[Diabetes]] | ||
There are four main modifiable risk factors that affect an individual's susceptibility to NCDs:- | |||
* Physical inactivity | * [[Physical Inactivity|Physical inactivity]] | ||
* Unhealthy | * [[Nutrition|Unhealthy diet]] | ||
* Tobacco use | * [[Smoking Cessation and Brief Intervention|Tobacco use]] | ||
* | * [[Alcoholism|Excessive alcohol intake]] | ||
== Global Incidence of NCDs == | == Global Incidence of NCDs == | ||
All children, adults and elders are vulnerable to these four major risk factors. Globally, NCDs are | All children, adults and elders are vulnerable to these four major risk factors. Globally, NCDs are involved in the deaths of 40 million people each year which accounts for 71% of all deaths. Among these, 17 million people die from NCDs before 70 years of age (pre-mature death). The majority of these deaths (over three quarters) occur in low-and middle-income countries<ref>NCD mortality and morbidity, Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, WHO [https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/en/<nowiki>]</nowiki> | ||
</ref>. | |||
== | == NCDs and Physical Inactivity == | ||
[[File:PP Daily Life in Axum, Ethiopia (2830240345).jpg|thumb|File:Daily Life in Axum, Ethiopia (2830240345).jpg|Daily Life in Axum, Ethiopia (2830240345)]] | |||
Physical inactivity is the term used for not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity for health. It is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which ranked as the fourth leading cause of death in the world with about 9% of all deaths recorded in the world being attributed to physical inactivity<ref>Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012; 219:219–229.</ref>. | |||
It is now described as a pandemic that needs urgent action<ref name=":1">Kohl HW, Criag CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G, Kahlmeier S. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health'''.''' Lancet physical activity series working group: The Lancet UK. 2012; 380:294–305.</ref>. Inactive people are 20-30% times more likely at risk of death compared to active individuals. Evidence showed that 1 in 4 adults in the world are inactive. Globally, more than than 80% of the adolescent population is physically inactive<ref name=":0">WHO. Physical activity fact sheet. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.</ref>. Currently, there are global efforts to decrease the prevalence of physical inactivity by 10% at the end of 2025<ref name=":0" />. | |||
== | === Physical Activity Interventions === | ||
It is important to plan physical inactivity interventions with the aim of preventing and managing NCDs<ref name=":1" />. No single intervention is effective to increase physical activity level; instead a comprehensive collaborative approach is most effective. Interventions should be easy, simple, cheap, social and sustainable across the life span. | |||
The World Health Organisation presented example physical inactivity interventions in a global action plan for prevention and control of NCDs<ref>WHO. Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020: Updated appendix 3 of physical activity technical annex. World Health Organization Press. Geneva, Switzerland, 2017</ref> : | |||
* Implementing public awareness and motivational communications including mass media for physical activity behavioural change. | |||
* Establishing physical activity counselling and referral services at primary health care services. | |||
* Implementing multi-component workplace friendly physical activity programs. | |||
* Implementing community-wide friendly physical activity programs involving multiple settings and sectors | |||
* Implementing whole-of-school program that support physical activity for all children. | |||
* Implementing public transport systems that prioritise walking and cycling. | |||
* Providing convenient and safe urban design and infrastructure to support side walking and cycling. | |||
* Promoting physical activity through organised sport programs and events<ref>ISPAH. Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA) the Advocacy Council of the International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH). The Toronto Charter for Physical Activity: A Global Call to Action. May 20, 2010. Available from [/www.globalpa.org.uk/charter/ http://www.globalpa.org.uk/charter/]</ref><ref>ISPAH. Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA) the Advocacy Council of the International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH). NCD Prevention: Investments that Work for Physical Activity. February 2011. Available from [/www.globalpa.org.uk/investmentsthatwork www.globalpa.org.uk/investmentsthatwork]</ref>. | |||
=== References === | |||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Physical_Activity]] [[Category:Physical_Activity_Content_Development_Project]] | [[Category:Physical_Activity]] | ||
[[Category:Physical_Activity_Content_Development_Project]] | |||
[[Category:Course Pages]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:09, 28 February 2022
Original Editor - Chalchisa Abdeta
Top Contributors - Wendy Walker, Tony Lowe, Admin, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Kim Jackson, Michelle Lee and Rucha Gadgil
Non-Communicable Diseases[edit | edit source]
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are conditions that are not transferred from person to person (non-contagious) and occur as result of combined behavioural, physiological, environmental and genetic factors[1].
There are four main types of NCDs :-
- Cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke)
- Cancers
- Chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma)
- Diabetes
There are four main modifiable risk factors that affect an individual's susceptibility to NCDs:-
Global Incidence of NCDs[edit | edit source]
All children, adults and elders are vulnerable to these four major risk factors. Globally, NCDs are involved in the deaths of 40 million people each year which accounts for 71% of all deaths. Among these, 17 million people die from NCDs before 70 years of age (pre-mature death). The majority of these deaths (over three quarters) occur in low-and middle-income countries[2].
NCDs and Physical Inactivity[edit | edit source]
.jpg)
Physical inactivity is the term used for not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity for health. It is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which ranked as the fourth leading cause of death in the world with about 9% of all deaths recorded in the world being attributed to physical inactivity[3].
It is now described as a pandemic that needs urgent action[4]. Inactive people are 20-30% times more likely at risk of death compared to active individuals. Evidence showed that 1 in 4 adults in the world are inactive. Globally, more than than 80% of the adolescent population is physically inactive[5]. Currently, there are global efforts to decrease the prevalence of physical inactivity by 10% at the end of 2025[5].
Physical Activity Interventions[edit | edit source]
It is important to plan physical inactivity interventions with the aim of preventing and managing NCDs[4]. No single intervention is effective to increase physical activity level; instead a comprehensive collaborative approach is most effective. Interventions should be easy, simple, cheap, social and sustainable across the life span.
The World Health Organisation presented example physical inactivity interventions in a global action plan for prevention and control of NCDs[6] :
- Implementing public awareness and motivational communications including mass media for physical activity behavioural change.
- Establishing physical activity counselling and referral services at primary health care services.
- Implementing multi-component workplace friendly physical activity programs.
- Implementing community-wide friendly physical activity programs involving multiple settings and sectors
- Implementing whole-of-school program that support physical activity for all children.
- Implementing public transport systems that prioritise walking and cycling.
- Providing convenient and safe urban design and infrastructure to support side walking and cycling.
- Promoting physical activity through organised sport programs and events[7][8].
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ WHO. Non-Communicable Diseases fact sheet. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 2017; [/www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/ http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/] Accessed on 30th April, 2017
- ↑ NCD mortality and morbidity, Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, WHO [https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/en/]
- ↑ Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012; 219:219–229.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kohl HW, Criag CL, Lambert EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G, Kahlmeier S. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet physical activity series working group: The Lancet UK. 2012; 380:294–305.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 WHO. Physical activity fact sheet. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- ↑ WHO. Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020: Updated appendix 3 of physical activity technical annex. World Health Organization Press. Geneva, Switzerland, 2017
- ↑ ISPAH. Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA) the Advocacy Council of the International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH). The Toronto Charter for Physical Activity: A Global Call to Action. May 20, 2010. Available from [/www.globalpa.org.uk/charter/ http://www.globalpa.org.uk/charter/]
- ↑ ISPAH. Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA) the Advocacy Council of the International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH). NCD Prevention: Investments that Work for Physical Activity. February 2011. Available from [/www.globalpa.org.uk/investmentsthatwork www.globalpa.org.uk/investmentsthatwork]
