Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
Original Editor - Ajay Upadhyay
Top Contributors - Alberto Bertaggia, Kim Jackson, Gayatri Jadav Upadhyay, Ajay Upadhyay, Shaimaa Eldib, Lauren Lopez, 127.0.0.1, WikiSysop, Amanda Ager, Evan Thomas and Michelle Lee
Introduction
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A physical activity questionnaire is a practical and widely used approach for physical activity assessment in epidemiologic investigations[1].
Activity questionnaires have been used in studies relating physical activity to fall and fracture risk, balance and gait characteristics, bone density, and coronary heart disease in older people[2][3][4][5].
PASE was initially developed in early 90s to provide an instrument to investigate specifically older people with an age-specific physical activity questionnaire, filling what was an important need in epidemiologic research at that time[6].
Objective and Intended Population
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Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a brief (5 minutes) and easily scored survey designed specifically to assess physical activity in epidemiologic studies of persons age 65 years and older[6].
The PASE score combines information on leisure, household and occupational activity[7].
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Occupational, household and leisure activities are intestigated by PASE, over a one-week period[6][8].
The questionnaire can be administered by mail or interview (telephone or in person)[7]. The observed effect of mode of administration on physical activity estimates is of concern and authors recommend that the telephone version of PASE be the method of first choice, futhermore they suggest that the mail questionnaire be used in a modified form with additional respondent instructions in order to clarify the proper categorization of activities, thus reducing reporting error in the mail version[6].
PASE - Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
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The questionnaire comprises section on leisure time activity, household activity and work-realted activity as follows:
Instruction[edit | edit source]
Please complete this questionnaire by either circling the correct response or filling in the blank. Here is an example:
During the past 7 days, how often have you seen the sun?
[0.] NEVER
[1.] SELDOM (1-2 DAYS)
[2.] SOMETIMES (3-4 DAYS)
[3.] OFTEN (5-7 DAYS)
Answer all items as accurately as possible. All information is strictly confidential.
Leisure time activity
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1. Over the past 7 days, how often did you participate in sitting activities such as reading, watching TV, or doing handcrafts?
[0.] NEVER (go to question 2)
[1.] SELDOM (1-2 DAYS) (go to question 1.a and 1.b)
[2.] SOMETIMES (3-4 DAYS) (go to question 1.a and 1.b)
[3.] OFTEN (5-7 DAYS) (go to question 1.a and 1.b)
1.a What were these activities? (open end question)
1.b On average, how many hours did you engage in these sitting activities?
[0.] Less than 1 hour
[1.] 1 but less than 2 hours
[2.] 2 - 4 hours
[3.] more than 4 hours
2. Over the past 7 days, how often did you take a walk outside your home or yard for any reason? For example, for fun or exercise, walking to work, walking the dog, etc
[0.] NEVER (go to question 3)
[1.] SELDOM (1-2 DAYS) (go to question 2.a)
[2.] SOMETIMES (3-4 DAYS) (go to question 2.a)
[3.] OFTEN (5-7 DAYS) (go to question 2.a)
2a. On average, how many hours per day did you spend walking?
[0.] Less than 1 hour
[1.] 1 but less than 2 hours
[2.] 2 - 4 hours
[3.] more than 4 hours
3. Over the past 7 days, how often did you take a walk outside your home or yard for any reason? For example, for fun or exercise, walking to work, walking the dog, etc.?
[0.] NEVER (go to question 4)
[1.] SELDOM (1-2 DAYS) (go to question 3.a and 3.b)
[2.] SOMETIMES (3-4 DAYS) (go to question 3.a and 3.b)
[3.] OFTEN (5-7 DAYS) (go to question 3.a and 3.b)
3.a What were these activities? (open end question)
3.b On average, how many hours did you engage in these light sport or recreational activities?
[0.] Less than 1 hour
[1.] 1 but less than 2 hours
[2.] 2 - 4 hours
[3.] more than 4 hours
5. Over the past 7 days, how often did you engage in strenuous sport and recreational activities such as jobbing swimming, cycling, singles tennis, aerobic dance, skiing(downhill or cross country) or other similar activities?
never seldom (1-2 days) sometimes (3-4 days) often (5-7 days) If 1,2 or 3:
5a. What were these activities? ___________________________
5b. On average, how many hours per day did you engage in these strenuous sport and recreational activities?
less than 1 hour 1 but less than 2 hours 2-4 hours more than 4 hours HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITY
No walking or bicycling related questions in this section.
WORK RELATED ACTIVITY
10. During the past 7 days, did you work for pay or as a volunteer?
NO YES IF YES:
10a. How many hours per week did you work for pay and or as a volunteer? ____ hours
10b. Which of the following categories best describes the amount of physical activity required on your job and or volunteer work?
Sitting or standing with some walking, Ex: cashier, general office worker, light tool and machinery worker Walking with some handling of materials generally weighing less than 50 pounds. Ex: mailman, waiter/waitress, construction worker, heavy tool and machinery worker Walking and heavy manual work often requiring handling of materials weighting over 50 pounds. Ex: lumberjack, stone mason, farm or general laborer.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability & Validity[edit | edit source]
The validity and reliability of PASE were established in a random sample of 222 individuals ages 65-100y, and scores were significantly correlated with balance, grip strength, leg strength and health status. Scores range from 0 to 361.
The validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was assessed in a sample of sedentary adults (56 men, 134 women, mean age +/- [SD] 66.5+/-5.3 years) who volunteered to participate in a randomized controlled trial on the effect of aerobic conditioning on psychological function. Construct validity was established by correlating PASE scores with physiologic and performance characteristics: peak oxygen uptake, resting heart rate and blood pressure, percent body fat, and balance. The mean PASE scores were higher in men than in women (men = 145.8+/-78.0; women = 123.9+/-66.3, P<0.05), and in those age 55-64 years compared with those age 65 years and over (55-64 = 144.2+/-75.8; 65 and over = 118.9+/-63.9, P<0.05). PASE scores were also significantly higher in those who did not report a chronic health condition (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, or recent surgery). PASE scores were significantly associated (P<0.05) with peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.20), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.18) and balance score (r = 0.20). No significant associations of PASE score and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, or percent body fat were noted. These results provide additional evidence for the validity of the PASE as a measure of physical activity suitable for use in epidemiology studies on the association of physical activity, health, and physical function in older individuals. [7]
The Japanese version of PASE was shown to have acceptable validity and reliability. The PASE is useful to measure the physical activity of elderly people in Japan.[9]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ Washburn RA, Montoye HJ. The assessment of physical activity by questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Apr;123(4):563–76.
- ↑ Sorock GS, Bush TL, Golden AL et al. Physical activity and fracture risk in a free-living elderly cohort. J Gerontol 1986; 43: M134-139.
- ↑ Campbell AJ, Borrie MJ, Spears GF. Risk factors for falls in a community-based prospective study of people 70 years and older. J Gerontol 1989; 44: Ml12-117.
- ↑ Dalsky GP, Stocke KS, Ehsani AA et al. Weight- bearing exercise training and lumbar bone mineral content in post-menopausal women. AM Intern Med 1988; 108: 824-828.
- ↑ Marti B, Pekkanen J, Nissinen A et al. Association of physical activity with coronary risk factors and physical ability: twenty year follow-up of a cohort of Finnish men. Age Aging 1989; 18: 103-109.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1993 Feb 1;46(2):153–62.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Washburn RA, McAuley E, Katula J, Mihalko SL, Boileau RA. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): evidence for validity.J Clin Epidemiol. 1999 Jul;52(7):643-51.
- ↑ Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly : Medicine &amp;amp; Science in Sports &amp;amp; Exercise [Internet]. LWW. [cited 2016 Jun 10]. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/1997/06001/Physical_Activity_Scale_for_the_Elderly.22.aspx
- ↑ Hagiwara A , Ito N, Sawai K, Kazuma K. Validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) in Japanese elderly people. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2008 Sep;8(3):143-51.
