Patellar Grind Test: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Beth Barrett|Beth Barrett]] | '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Beth Barrett|Beth Barrett]] | ||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
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== Purpose | |||
== Purpose == | |||
The purpose of this test is to detect the presence of patellofemoral joint disorder (AKA: [[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patellofemoral pain syndrome]], [[Chondromalacia Patellae|chondromalacia patellae]], patellofemoral DJD)<br> | The purpose of this test is to detect the presence of patellofemoral joint disorder (AKA: [[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patellofemoral pain syndrome]], [[Chondromalacia Patellae|chondromalacia patellae]], patellofemoral DJD)<br> | ||
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This test is also known as '''Clarke's Test.''' | This test is also known as '''Clarke's Test.''' | ||
== Technique | == Technique == | ||
Patient is positioned in supine or long sitting with the involved knee | Patient is positioned in supine or long sitting with the involved knee extended. The examiner places the web space of his hand just superior to the patella while applying pressure. The patient is instructed to gently and gradually contract the quadriceps muscle. A positive sign on this test is pain in the patellofemoral joint<ref name="Baxter">Baxter R. Pocket Guide to Musculoskeletal Assessment, 2nd edition. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).</ref> . | ||
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*If the patient can complete and maintain the contraction without pain, '''the test is considered negative.''' | *If the patient can complete and maintain the contraction without pain, '''the test is considered negative.''' | ||
*If the test causes Retropatellar Pain and the patient cannot maintain the contraction | *If the test causes Retropatellar Pain and the patient cannot maintain the contraction without pain, '''the test is considered positive. ''''''<br>'' | ||
== Precaution == | == Precaution == | ||
The amount of pressure applied must be carefully controlled as more pressure can elicit positive response even in normal individuals. | The amount of pressure applied must be carefully controlled as more pressure can elicit positive response even in normal individuals. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
== Sensitiser | == Sensitiser <ref name="magee 5" /> == | ||
*The best way to do is to repeat the procedure several times, increasing the pressure each time and comparing the results with those of the unaffected side. | *The best way to do is to repeat the procedure several times, increasing the pressure each time and comparing the results with those of the unaffected side. | ||
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This technique is based on the mechanics of the patellofemoral joint and has not been specifically tested. Many patients will have pain with this test regardless of whether they exhibit signs and symptoms of patellofemoral pain<ref name="Magee">Magee DJ: Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 4th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2002.</ref> . Most of the clinical test for patellofemoral pain have low reliability or are untested, and there is no gold standard test for diagnosis of this disorder<ref>Fredericson M, Yoon K. Physical Examination and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Mar;85(3):234-43.</ref>. Since there is very limited specificity with this test, it should not be used alone to determine the presence of patellofemoral pain. | This technique is based on the mechanics of the patellofemoral joint and has not been specifically tested. Many patients will have pain with this test regardless of whether they exhibit signs and symptoms of patellofemoral pain<ref name="Magee">Magee DJ: Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 4th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2002.</ref> . Most of the clinical test for patellofemoral pain have low reliability or are untested, and there is no gold standard test for diagnosis of this disorder<ref>Fredericson M, Yoon K. Physical Examination and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Mar;85(3):234-43.</ref>. Since there is very limited specificity with this test, it should not be used alone to determine the presence of patellofemoral pain. | ||
=== Odds Ratio | === Odds Ratio<ref name="magee 5" /> === | ||
'''Positive Likelihood''' ratio 1.94 | '''Positive Likelihood''' ratio 1.94 | ||
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'''Negative Likelihood''' ratio 0.69 | '''Negative Likelihood''' ratio 0.69 | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 08:43, 6 December 2017
Original Editor - Beth Barrett
Top Contributors - Admin, Sheik Abdul Khadir, Beth Barrett, Tony Lowe, Kim Jackson, Rachael Lowe, Jennifer Chew, Evan Thomas, Oyemi Sillo, Kai A. Sigel, WikiSysop and Wanda van Niekerk
Purpose[edit | edit source]
The purpose of this test is to detect the presence of patellofemoral joint disorder (AKA: patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral DJD)
This test is also known as Clarke's Test.
Technique[edit | edit source]
Patient is positioned in supine or long sitting with the involved knee extended. The examiner places the web space of his hand just superior to the patella while applying pressure. The patient is instructed to gently and gradually contract the quadriceps muscle. A positive sign on this test is pain in the patellofemoral joint[1] .
Alternative Method [2][edit | edit source]
Rieder recommends pushing down on the patella directly. The patient is then asked to contract the Quadriceps muscles while the examiner pushes down.
- If the patient can complete and maintain the contraction without pain, the test is considered negative.
- If the test causes Retropatellar Pain and the patient cannot maintain the contraction without pain, the test is considered positive. '
Precaution [edit | edit source]
The amount of pressure applied must be carefully controlled as more pressure can elicit positive response even in normal individuals.
Sensitiser [2][edit | edit source]
- The best way to do is to repeat the procedure several times, increasing the pressure each time and comparing the results with those of the unaffected side.
- To test different parts of the patella , the knee should be tested in 300 , 600, 900 and in full extension.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
This technique is based on the mechanics of the patellofemoral joint and has not been specifically tested. Many patients will have pain with this test regardless of whether they exhibit signs and symptoms of patellofemoral pain[3] . Most of the clinical test for patellofemoral pain have low reliability or are untested, and there is no gold standard test for diagnosis of this disorder[4]. Since there is very limited specificity with this test, it should not be used alone to determine the presence of patellofemoral pain.
Odds Ratio[2][edit | edit source]
Positive Likelihood ratio 1.94
Negative Likelihood ratio 0.69
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Baxter R. Pocket Guide to Musculoskeletal Assessment, 2nd edition. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Magee DJ: Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 5th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2008.
- ↑ Magee DJ: Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 4th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2002.
- ↑ Fredericson M, Yoon K. Physical Examination and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Mar;85(3):234-43.
