Oxygen Therapy
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Top Contributors - Uchechukwu Chukwuemeka, Kim Jackson, Joseph Ayotunde Aderonmu, George Prudden, Rachael Lowe, Karen Wilson, Claire Knott, Lucinda hampton, Carina Therese Magtibay and Laura Ritchie
Description
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Indication
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Risks Of Oxygen Therapy[edit | edit source]
1. Pulmonary toxicity:
Patients exposed to high oxygen levels for a prolonged period of time have lung damage. The extent of lung damage is dependent on FiO2 and duration of exposure. It is due to intracellular free radicals (such as superoxide, activated hydroxyl ions, singlet O2 and hydrogen peroxide) formed which can damage alveolar-capillary membrane. It starts with increased permeability of the capillaries with resultant edema, thickened membranes and finally to pulmonary fibrosis.
2. Depression of ventilation:
It is seen in COPD patients with chronic CO2 retention who have hypoxic respiratory drive to breath. Increased arterial tension to normal can lose the hypercapnoeic stimulus to maintain ventilation resulting in hypoventilation in these
patients.
3. Hyperbaric oxygen toxicity:
Long term hyperbaric O2 therapy can lead to pulmonary, optic and central nervous system toxicity.
4. Fire hazard:
Oxygen supports combustion of other fuels.
Least level of supplemental oxygen (FIO2 greater than the 21% oxygen in ambient air) should be administratered during laser bronchoscopy to avoid intratracheal ignition[1].
5. Absorption atelectasis:
Given only pure oxygen results in the collapse of the dependent part of the lungs as it quickly taken up from the alveoli.
Care should be taken in delivery Oxygen in patients suffering from paraquat poisoning17 and to patients receiving bleomycin.18
6. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP):
It usually occur in low birth weight, very premature infant. That is why in preterm infants, 50-80 mmHg PaO2 is recommended in infants receiving oxygen[2]
7. Bacterial contamination associated with certain nebulization and humidification systems is a possible hazard.20-22
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Millette, BH, Athanassoglou, V, Patel, A. High flow nasal oxygen therapy in adult anaesthesia. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 2018; 18: 29-33
- ↑ Saugstad, OD. Oxygenation of the Immature Infant: A Commentary and Recommendations for Oxygen Saturation Targets and Alarm Limits. Neonatology, 2018;114:69–75.DOI: 10.1159/000486751
