Oswestry Disability Index: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Rachael Lowe|Rachael Lowe]] | '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Rachael Lowe|Rachael Lowe]] | ||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
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== Objective | == Objective == | ||
The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) a patient-completed questionnaire which gives a subjective percentage score of level of function (disability) in activities of daily living in those rehabilitating from low back pain. It was developed by Jeremy Fairbank and Graham Pynsent in Oswestry, England in 1980<ref name=":2">Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB. The Oswestry disability index. Spine. 2000 Nov 15;25(22):2940-53.</ref> and considered one of the best accepted tools for assessment of low back pain<ref>Garg A, Pathak H, Churyukanov MV, Uppin RB, Slobodin TM. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00586-019-06279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;29:503-18.</ref>. | |||
[ | [https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/oswestry-disability-index Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire] | ||
== Intended Population | == Intended Population == | ||
Acute or chronic low back pain. Most effective for persistent severe disability while the [[Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire|Roland-Morris]] is better for mild to moderate disability<ref>Davies, Claire C.1; Nitz, Arthur J. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/ptr/2009/00000014/00000006/art00005 Psychometric properties of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire compared to the Oswestry Disability Index: a systematic review]. Physical Therapy Reviews, Volume 14, Number 6, December 2009 , pp. 399-408(10)</ref> | Acute or chronic low back pain. Most effective for persistent severe disability while the [[Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire|Roland-Morris]] is better for mild to moderate disability<ref>Davies, Claire C.1; Nitz, Arthur J. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/ptr/2009/00000014/00000006/art00005 Psychometric properties of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire compared to the Oswestry Disability Index: a systematic review]. Physical Therapy Reviews, Volume 14, Number 6, December 2009 , pp. 399-408(10)</ref> | ||
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== Method of Use == | == Method of Use == | ||
Questionnaire examines | Questionnaire examines the level of disability in 10 everyday activities of daily living. | ||
# Pain intensity | |||
# Personal care | |||
# Lifting | |||
# Walking | |||
# Sitting | |||
# Standing | |||
# Sleeping | |||
# Sex (if applicable) | |||
# Social | |||
# Travel<br> | |||
if | |||
<br> | |||
Each item consist of 6 statements which are scored from 0 to 5. With 0 indicating the least disability and 5 the greatest then the total score is calculated as a percentage, with 0% indicating no disability and 100% indicating the highest level of disability. | |||
== From Paper Based to Electronic Patient Record Systems == | == From Paper Based to Electronic Patient Record Systems == | ||
Conventionally ODI is applied as paper based forms. By development of internet technologies, online calculator tools for ODI become popular. Electronic patient record (EPR) systems are specialised databases for management on patient's health records. By the integration of EPR and outcome measure databases distance patient assessment can be possible. | |||
In 2007 Irmak and Ergun has developed experimental tool for integration of EPR and online assessment system for ODI and roll and Morris Questionnaire by using different programming languages and databases; PHP-Mysql, C# Javascript, and MS Access. Currently this system is available for online calculation and assessment for non registered users. For scientists a distance patient assessment interface is also available. | |||
The ODI was originally developed in English but has now been translated into over 40 languages. | |||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
Research has concluded that the ODI is a valid, reliable and responsive clinical tool when used to determine the level of function (disability) associated with low back pain.<ref name=":0">Vianin M. Psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Oswestry Disability Index. Journal of chiropractic medicine. 2008 Dec 1;7(4):161-3.</ref> | |||
=== Reliability === | === Reliability === | ||
The ODI addresses a broader concept of disability than that directly related to pain intensity<ref> | The ODI addresses a broader concept of disability than that directly related to pain intensity<ref>Grönblad M, Hupli M, Wennerstrand P, Järvinen E, Lukinmaa A, Kouri JP, Karaharju EO. Intel-correlation and test-retest reliability of the pain disability index (PDI) and the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients. The Clinical journal of pain. 1993 Sep 1;9(3):189-95.</ref>. Test-retest reliability was consistently high across studies<ref>Sheahan PJ, Nelson-Wong EJ, Fischer SL. A review of culturally adapted versions of the Oswestry Disability Index: the adaptation process, construct validity, test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Disability and rehabilitation. 2015 Dec 4;37(25):2367-74.</ref> (mean ICC value of 0.937 ± 0.032), with the lowest ICC reported by Grotle et al. (0.880)<ref>Grotle M, Brox JI, Vollestad NK. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Norwegian versions of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2003 Oct 1;35(5):241-7.</ref> and the highest by Mannion et al. (0.96)<ref>Mannion AF, Junge A, Fairbank JC, Dvorak J, Grob D. Development of a German version of the Oswestry Disability Index. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. European spine journal. 2006 Feb;15:55-65.</ref>. | ||
=== Validity === | === Validity === | ||
Fisher K, Johnston M | In a study 1997 by Fisher K, Johnston M it was concluded that the measure had good face validity, where patients found it relevant with none of them refusing to complete it. However, they found there were moderately clear relationships between reported ability on walking and sitting and the actual measured performance on these activities, although lifting was not as well validated<ref>Fisher K, Johnston M. Validation of the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire, its sensitivity as a measure of change following treatment and its relationship with other aspects of the chronic pain experience. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 1997 Jan 1;13(1):67-80.</ref>. | ||
In a more recent study by Vianin in 2008 the ODI construct validity was tested and it found that compared to other outcome measures that measure disability due to low back pain, the ODI was found to be consistent with them. This shows that the ODI is a valid measure of disability due to low back pain<ref name=":0" />. | |||
=== Responsiveness === | === Responsiveness === | ||
In a study by Walsh et al did not find that there was a significant benefit of using condition-specific outcome measures. However, they did report that the ODI has been found to have a greater responsiveness when comparing the measurement of function over pain<ref>Walsh TL, Hanscom B, Lurie JD, Weinstein JN. Is a condition-specific instrument for patients with low back pain/leg symptoms really necessary?: the responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index, MODEMS, and the SF-36. Spine. 2003 Mar 15;28(6):607-15.</ref>. The Nepali version of ODI is a responsive scale capable of distinguishing between stable and improving disability levels in participants with LBP and it can serve as an evaluative tool for assessing disability over time and monitoring treatment effects<ref>Binaya K, Kajal T, Ranjeeta AS, Govinda N. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8353057/ Responsiveness of Nepali version of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) on individuals with non-specific low back pain]. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. 2021 Dec;5:1-7.</ref>. | |||
=== Miscellaneous | === Miscellaneous === | ||
ODI may not be sensitive to detect subtle changes in disability, particularly in patients with very mild or very severe disability. This as, patients may score near the minimum or maximum possible score, making it challenging to differentiate improvements accurately. Also, it does not cover all aspects of disability or quality of life affected by low back pain. For example, it may not fully contain emotional, social, or psychological aspects of the condition, which can also be critical in understanding the overall impact on a person's life<ref name=":2" />. | |||
== Resources == | |||
* [https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/oswestry-disability-index More information on the use of the Oswestry Disability Index]. | |||
== References== | |||
<references /> | |||
<br> | |||
[[Category:Outcome_Measures]] [[Category:Pain]] | [[Category:Outcome_Measures]] | ||
[[Category:Pain]] | |||
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]] | |||
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]] | |||
[[Category:Neurological - Outcome Measures]] | |||
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics - Outcome Measures]] | |||
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:13, 30 July 2023
Original Editor - Rachael Lowe
Top Contributors - Rachael Lowe, Admin, Rafet Irmak, Kim Jackson, Khloud Shreif, Sweta Christian, Tony Lowe, Evan Thomas, Naomi O'Reilly, Venus Pagare, Tarina van der Stockt, WikiSysop, Lauren Lopez, Lucinda hampton, Scott Buxton and Oyemi Sillo
Objective[edit | edit source]
The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) a patient-completed questionnaire which gives a subjective percentage score of level of function (disability) in activities of daily living in those rehabilitating from low back pain. It was developed by Jeremy Fairbank and Graham Pynsent in Oswestry, England in 1980[1] and considered one of the best accepted tools for assessment of low back pain[2].
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
Acute or chronic low back pain. Most effective for persistent severe disability while the Roland-Morris is better for mild to moderate disability[3]
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Questionnaire examines the level of disability in 10 everyday activities of daily living.
- Pain intensity
- Personal care
- Lifting
- Walking
- Sitting
- Standing
- Sleeping
- Sex (if applicable)
- Social
- Travel
Each item consist of 6 statements which are scored from 0 to 5. With 0 indicating the least disability and 5 the greatest then the total score is calculated as a percentage, with 0% indicating no disability and 100% indicating the highest level of disability.
From Paper Based to Electronic Patient Record Systems[edit | edit source]
Conventionally ODI is applied as paper based forms. By development of internet technologies, online calculator tools for ODI become popular. Electronic patient record (EPR) systems are specialised databases for management on patient's health records. By the integration of EPR and outcome measure databases distance patient assessment can be possible.
In 2007 Irmak and Ergun has developed experimental tool for integration of EPR and online assessment system for ODI and roll and Morris Questionnaire by using different programming languages and databases; PHP-Mysql, C# Javascript, and MS Access. Currently this system is available for online calculation and assessment for non registered users. For scientists a distance patient assessment interface is also available.
The ODI was originally developed in English but has now been translated into over 40 languages.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Research has concluded that the ODI is a valid, reliable and responsive clinical tool when used to determine the level of function (disability) associated with low back pain.[4]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
The ODI addresses a broader concept of disability than that directly related to pain intensity[5]. Test-retest reliability was consistently high across studies[6] (mean ICC value of 0.937 ± 0.032), with the lowest ICC reported by Grotle et al. (0.880)[7] and the highest by Mannion et al. (0.96)[8].
Validity[edit | edit source]
In a study 1997 by Fisher K, Johnston M it was concluded that the measure had good face validity, where patients found it relevant with none of them refusing to complete it. However, they found there were moderately clear relationships between reported ability on walking and sitting and the actual measured performance on these activities, although lifting was not as well validated[9].
In a more recent study by Vianin in 2008 the ODI construct validity was tested and it found that compared to other outcome measures that measure disability due to low back pain, the ODI was found to be consistent with them. This shows that the ODI is a valid measure of disability due to low back pain[4].
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
In a study by Walsh et al did not find that there was a significant benefit of using condition-specific outcome measures. However, they did report that the ODI has been found to have a greater responsiveness when comparing the measurement of function over pain[10]. The Nepali version of ODI is a responsive scale capable of distinguishing between stable and improving disability levels in participants with LBP and it can serve as an evaluative tool for assessing disability over time and monitoring treatment effects[11].
Miscellaneous[edit | edit source]
ODI may not be sensitive to detect subtle changes in disability, particularly in patients with very mild or very severe disability. This as, patients may score near the minimum or maximum possible score, making it challenging to differentiate improvements accurately. Also, it does not cover all aspects of disability or quality of life affected by low back pain. For example, it may not fully contain emotional, social, or psychological aspects of the condition, which can also be critical in understanding the overall impact on a person's life[1].
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB. The Oswestry disability index. Spine. 2000 Nov 15;25(22):2940-53.
- ↑ Garg A, Pathak H, Churyukanov MV, Uppin RB, Slobodin TM. Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales. European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;29:503-18.
- ↑ Davies, Claire C.1; Nitz, Arthur J. Psychometric properties of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire compared to the Oswestry Disability Index: a systematic review. Physical Therapy Reviews, Volume 14, Number 6, December 2009 , pp. 399-408(10)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Vianin M. Psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Oswestry Disability Index. Journal of chiropractic medicine. 2008 Dec 1;7(4):161-3.
- ↑ Grönblad M, Hupli M, Wennerstrand P, Järvinen E, Lukinmaa A, Kouri JP, Karaharju EO. Intel-correlation and test-retest reliability of the pain disability index (PDI) and the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients. The Clinical journal of pain. 1993 Sep 1;9(3):189-95.
- ↑ Sheahan PJ, Nelson-Wong EJ, Fischer SL. A review of culturally adapted versions of the Oswestry Disability Index: the adaptation process, construct validity, test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Disability and rehabilitation. 2015 Dec 4;37(25):2367-74.
- ↑ Grotle M, Brox JI, Vollestad NK. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Norwegian versions of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2003 Oct 1;35(5):241-7.
- ↑ Mannion AF, Junge A, Fairbank JC, Dvorak J, Grob D. Development of a German version of the Oswestry Disability Index. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. European spine journal. 2006 Feb;15:55-65.
- ↑ Fisher K, Johnston M. Validation of the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire, its sensitivity as a measure of change following treatment and its relationship with other aspects of the chronic pain experience. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 1997 Jan 1;13(1):67-80.
- ↑ Walsh TL, Hanscom B, Lurie JD, Weinstein JN. Is a condition-specific instrument for patients with low back pain/leg symptoms really necessary?: the responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index, MODEMS, and the SF-36. Spine. 2003 Mar 15;28(6):607-15.
- ↑ Binaya K, Kajal T, Ranjeeta AS, Govinda N. Responsiveness of Nepali version of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) on individuals with non-specific low back pain. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. 2021 Dec;5:1-7.
