Motor Assessment Scale: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- | <div class="editorbox"> | ||
'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Sinead Greenan|Sinead Greenan]] | |||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Objective<br> == | == Objective<br> == | ||
The '''Motor Assessment Scale''' (MAS) is used to assess everyday motor function in patients with stroke. | The '''Motor Assessment Scale''' (MAS) is used to assess everyday motor function in patients with stroke. | ||
== Intended Population<br> == | == Intended Population<br> == | ||
Used widely in assessing functional ability for patients with stroke | Used widely in assessing functional ability for patients with stroke | ||
== Method of Use == | == Method of Use == | ||
<u>Description:</u> | <u>Description:</u> | ||
*8 items assess 8 areas of motor function | *8 items assess 8 areas of motor function | ||
*Patients perform each task 3 times, only the best performance is recorded | *Patients perform each task 3 times, only the best performance is recorded | ||
*Items (with the exception of the general tonus item*) are assessed using a 7-point scale (0 to 6) | *Items (with the exception of the general tonus item*) are assessed using a 7-point scale (0 to 6) | ||
*A score of 6 indicates optimal motor behavior | *A score of 6 indicates optimal motor behavior | ||
*Item scores (with the exception of the general tonus item) are summed to provide an overall score (out of 48 points) | *Item scores (with the exception of the general tonus item) are summed to provide an overall score (out of 48 points) | ||
*Completing a higher-level item suggests successful performance on lower-level items and thus lower-items can be skipped. | *Completing a higher-level item suggests successful performance on lower-level items and thus lower-items can be skipped. | ||
*For the general tonus item, the score is based on continuous observations throughout the assessment. A score of 4 on this item indicates a consistently normal response, a score > 4 indicates persistent hypertonus, and a score < 4 indicates various degrees of hypotonus (Carr et al, 1985<ref>Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180</ref>). | *For the general tonus item, the score is based on continuous observations throughout the assessment. A score of 4 on this item indicates a consistently normal response, a score > 4 indicates persistent hypertonus, and a score < 4 indicates various degrees of hypotonus (Carr et al, 1985<ref>Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180</ref>). | ||
<br> | |||
<u>Equipment Required:</u> | |||
<u></u>Stopwatch<br>8 Jellybeans<br>Polystyrene cup<br>Rubber ball<br>Stool<br>Comb<br>Spoon<br>Pen<br>2 Tea cups<br>Water<br>Prepared sheet for drawing lines<br>Cylindrical shaped object like a jar<br>Table | |||
<u></u>Stopwatch<br>8 Jellybeans<br>Polystyrene cup<br>Rubber ball<br>Stool<br>Comb<br>Spoon<br>Pen<br>2 Tea cups<br>Water<br>Prepared sheet for drawing lines<br>Cylindrical shaped object like a jar<br>Table | |||
== Reference<br> == | == Reference<br> == | ||
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=== Reliability === | === Reliability === | ||
<u>Test-retest Reliability:</u> | <u>Test-retest Reliability:</u> | ||
<u></u>''Chronic Stroke:'' | <u></u>''Chronic Stroke:'' | ||
(Carr et al, 1985; n = 15; mean age = 70 years, range = 42 to 85) <ref>Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180</ref> | (Carr et al, 1985; n = 15; mean age = 70 years, range = 42 to 85) <ref>Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180</ref> | ||
*Excellent test-retest reliability: r ranged from 0.87 to 1.00 (mean r = 0.98) | *Excellent test-retest reliability: r ranged from 0.87 to 1.00 (mean r = 0.98) | ||
<br> | |||
<u>Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:</u> | |||
<u>Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:</u> | |||
<u></u>''Chronic & Acute Stroke:'' | <u></u>''Chronic & Acute Stroke:'' | ||
(Carr et al, 1985; 20 clinical raters; n = 5; mean age = 65 years, range = 55 to 78; mean time since stroke onset = 14 (range = 6 to 40) weeks) <ref>Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180</ref> | (Carr et al, 1985; 20 clinical raters; n = 5; mean age = 65 years, range = 55 to 78; mean time since stroke onset = 14 (range = 6 to 40) weeks) <ref>Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180</ref> | ||
*Excellent Interrater Reliability; 87% overall agreement between raters (mean correlation r = 0.95; most agreement = balanced sitting (r = 0.99); least agreement = sitting to standing (r = 0.89). | *Excellent Interrater Reliability; 87% overall agreement between raters (mean correlation r = 0.95; most agreement = balanced sitting (r = 0.99); least agreement = sitting to standing (r = 0.89). | ||
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=== Validity === | === Validity === | ||
<u>Criterion Validity:</u> | <u>Criterion Validity:</u> | ||
<u></u>''Acute Stroke:'' | <u></u>''Acute Stroke:'' | ||
(Malouin et al, 1994, n = 32, mean age = 60 years, mean time since stroke = 64.5 days) <ref>Malouin, F., Pichard, L., et al. "Evaluating motor recovery early after stroke: comparison of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Motor Assessment Scale." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 75: 1206-1212</ref> | (Malouin et al, 1994, n = 32, mean age = 60 years, mean time since stroke = 64.5 days) <ref>Malouin, F., Pichard, L., et al. "Evaluating motor recovery early after stroke: comparison of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Motor Assessment Scale." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 75: 1206-1212</ref> | ||
*Excellent Concurrent Validity with Fugl-Meyer (FMA) total scores (r = 0.96, not including general tonus items) | *Excellent Concurrent Validity with Fugl-Meyer (FMA) total scores (r = 0.96, not including general tonus items) | ||
*Adequate to Excellent item level Concurrent Validity between MAS items and similar FMA items (r = 0.65 to 0.93) | *Adequate to Excellent item level Concurrent Validity between MAS items and similar FMA items (r = 0.65 to 0.93) | ||
*Poor Concurrent Validity with MAS and FMA sitting balance (r = -0.10) | *Poor Concurrent Validity with MAS and FMA sitting balance (r = -0.10) | ||
<br> | |||
<u>Construct Validity:</u> | |||
<u>Construct Validity:</u> | |||
<u></u>''Acute Stroke:'' | <u></u>''Acute Stroke:'' | ||
(Tyson & DeSouza, 2004; n = 48; mean age = 66.7 (12.5) years; median time since stroke = 11 weeks) <ref>Tyson, S. F. and DeSouza, L. H. "Reliability and validity of functional balance tests post stroke." Clin Rehabil 2004 18(8): 916-923</ref> | (Tyson & DeSouza, 2004; n = 48; mean age = 66.7 (12.5) years; median time since stroke = 11 weeks) <ref>Tyson, S. F. and DeSouza, L. H. "Reliability and validity of functional balance tests post stroke." Clin Rehabil 2004 18(8): 916-923</ref> | ||
MAS and functional balance test: | MAS and functional balance test: | ||
*Adequate Convergent Validity: Sitting arm raise (no. of raises; r = 0.33*) | *Adequate Convergent Validity: Sitting arm raise (no. of raises; r = 0.33*) | ||
*Adequate Convergent Validity: Sitting forward reach (cm, r = 0.54**) | *Adequate Convergent Validity: Sitting forward reach (cm, r = 0.54**) | ||
* p < 0.05<br>** p < 0.01 | *p < 0.05<br>** p < 0.01 | ||
<br> | |||
<u>Content Validity:</u> | |||
<u></u>The MAS was developed by Carr and Shepherd (1985) based on many years of experience with similar measures | |||
<u></u>The MAS was developed by Carr and Shepherd (1985) based on many years of experience with similar measures | |||
=== Responsiveness === | === Responsiveness === | ||
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''Chronic & Acute Stroke:'' | ''Chronic & Acute Stroke:'' | ||
(English et al, 2006) <ref>English, C. K., Hillier, S. L., et al. "The sensitivity of three commonly used outcome measures to detect change among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation following stroke." Clin Rehabil 2006 20(1): 52-55</ref><br> <br>MAS sensitivity: | (English et al, 2006) <ref>English, C. K., Hillier, S. L., et al. "The sensitivity of three commonly used outcome measures to detect change among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation following stroke." Clin Rehabil 2006 20(1): 52-55</ref><br> <br>MAS sensitivity: | ||
{| width="400" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | {| width="400" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nowrap="nowrap" | Item | | nowrap="nowrap" | Item | ||
| Dimension | | Dimension | ||
| Effect | | Effect | ||
| Effect Size (d) | | Effect Size (d) | ||
| % Change | | % Change | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 | | 1 | ||
| Rolling | | Rolling | ||
| Large | | Large | ||
| 1.03 | | 1.03 | ||
| 31.1 | | 31.1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 | | 2 | ||
| Lie to sit | | Lie to sit | ||
| Moderate | | Moderate | ||
| 0.74 | | 0.74 | ||
| 44.3 | | 44.3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 | | 3 | ||
| Balanced Sitting | | Balanced Sitting | ||
| Moderate | | Moderate | ||
| 0.61 | | 0.61 | ||
| 60.7 | | 60.7 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 | | 4 | ||
| Sit to Stand | | Sit to Stand | ||
| Large | | Large | ||
| 0.85 | | 0.85 | ||
| 18 | | 18 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 | | 5 | ||
| Walking | | Walking | ||
| Large | | Large | ||
| 1.02 | | 1.02 | ||
| 19.7 | | 19.7 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 | | 6 | ||
| Upper arm function | | Upper arm function | ||
| Small | | Small | ||
| 0.36 | | 0.36 | ||
| 44.3 | | 44.3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 | | 7 | ||
| Hand movements | | Hand movements | ||
| Small | | Small | ||
| 0.43 | | 0.43 | ||
| 55.7 | | 55.7 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 | | 8 | ||
| Advanced hand activities | | Advanced hand activities | ||
| Moderate | | Moderate | ||
| 0.50 | | 0.50 | ||
| 63.9 | | 63.9 | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Miscellaneous | === Miscellaneous<br> === | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
[http://www.rehabmeasures.org/PDF%20Library/Motor%20Assessment%20Scale%20Testing%20Form.pdf Motor Assessment Scale for Stroke] | [http://www.rehabmeasures.org/PDF%20Library/Motor%20Assessment%20Scale%20Testing%20Form.pdf Motor Assessment Scale for Stroke] | ||
== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) == | == Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) == | ||
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References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]]. | References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]]. | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Outcome_Measures]] |
Revision as of 12:18, 4 September 2014
Original Editor - Sinead Greenan
Top Contributors - Sinead Greenan, Kim Jackson, Andeela Hafeez, Rucha Gadgil, Vanessa Rhule, WikiSysop, Samuel Winter, Evan Thomas, Candace Goh, Amrita Patro, Scott Buxton, Oyemi Sillo and Naomi O'Reilly
Objective
[edit | edit source]
The Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) is used to assess everyday motor function in patients with stroke.
Intended Population
[edit | edit source]
Used widely in assessing functional ability for patients with stroke
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Description:
- 8 items assess 8 areas of motor function
- Patients perform each task 3 times, only the best performance is recorded
- Items (with the exception of the general tonus item*) are assessed using a 7-point scale (0 to 6)
- A score of 6 indicates optimal motor behavior
- Item scores (with the exception of the general tonus item) are summed to provide an overall score (out of 48 points)
- Completing a higher-level item suggests successful performance on lower-level items and thus lower-items can be skipped.
- For the general tonus item, the score is based on continuous observations throughout the assessment. A score of 4 on this item indicates a consistently normal response, a score > 4 indicates persistent hypertonus, and a score < 4 indicates various degrees of hypotonus (Carr et al, 1985[1]).
Equipment Required:
Stopwatch
8 Jellybeans
Polystyrene cup
Rubber ball
Stool
Comb
Spoon
Pen
2 Tea cups
Water
Prepared sheet for drawing lines
Cylindrical shaped object like a jar
Table
Reference
[edit | edit source]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Test-retest Reliability:
Chronic Stroke:
(Carr et al, 1985; n = 15; mean age = 70 years, range = 42 to 85) [2]
- Excellent test-retest reliability: r ranged from 0.87 to 1.00 (mean r = 0.98)
Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:
Chronic & Acute Stroke:
(Carr et al, 1985; 20 clinical raters; n = 5; mean age = 65 years, range = 55 to 78; mean time since stroke onset = 14 (range = 6 to 40) weeks) [3]
- Excellent Interrater Reliability; 87% overall agreement between raters (mean correlation r = 0.95; most agreement = balanced sitting (r = 0.99); least agreement = sitting to standing (r = 0.89).
Validity[edit | edit source]
Criterion Validity:
Acute Stroke:
(Malouin et al, 1994, n = 32, mean age = 60 years, mean time since stroke = 64.5 days) [4]
- Excellent Concurrent Validity with Fugl-Meyer (FMA) total scores (r = 0.96, not including general tonus items)
- Adequate to Excellent item level Concurrent Validity between MAS items and similar FMA items (r = 0.65 to 0.93)
- Poor Concurrent Validity with MAS and FMA sitting balance (r = -0.10)
Construct Validity:
Acute Stroke:
(Tyson & DeSouza, 2004; n = 48; mean age = 66.7 (12.5) years; median time since stroke = 11 weeks) [5]
MAS and functional balance test:
- Adequate Convergent Validity: Sitting arm raise (no. of raises; r = 0.33*)
- Adequate Convergent Validity: Sitting forward reach (cm, r = 0.54**)
- p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
Content Validity:
The MAS was developed by Carr and Shepherd (1985) based on many years of experience with similar measures
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Chronic & Acute Stroke:
(English et al, 2006) [6]
MAS sensitivity:
Item | Dimension | Effect | Effect Size (d) | % Change |
1 | Rolling | Large | 1.03 | 31.1 |
2 | Lie to sit | Moderate | 0.74 | 44.3 |
3 | Balanced Sitting | Moderate | 0.61 | 60.7 |
4 | Sit to Stand | Large | 0.85 | 18 |
5 | Walking | Large | 1.02 | 19.7 |
6 | Upper arm function | Small | 0.36 | 44.3 |
7 | Hand movements | Small | 0.43 | 55.7 |
8 | Advanced hand activities | Moderate | 0.50 | 63.9 |
Miscellaneous
[edit | edit source]
Links[edit | edit source]
Motor Assessment Scale for Stroke
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
Extension:RSS -- Error: Not a valid URL: Feed goes here!!|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10
References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180
- ↑ Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180
- ↑ Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 1985 65: 175-180
- ↑ Malouin, F., Pichard, L., et al. "Evaluating motor recovery early after stroke: comparison of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Motor Assessment Scale." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 75: 1206-1212
- ↑ Tyson, S. F. and DeSouza, L. H. "Reliability and validity of functional balance tests post stroke." Clin Rehabil 2004 18(8): 916-923
- ↑ English, C. K., Hillier, S. L., et al. "The sensitivity of three commonly used outcome measures to detect change among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation following stroke." Clin Rehabil 2006 20(1): 52-55