Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

 

Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!

Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.

Top Contributors - Kory Reynolds, Sarah Tassinari, Lucinda hampton, Elaine Lonnemann, Kim Jackson, 127.0.0.1, Nupur Smit Shah, Evan Thomas and WikiSysop  

Definition/Description[edit | edit source]

Definition of MRSA.jpg

















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Prevalence[edit | edit source]

 According to the 2012 US Census Data[1]

  • Non-Dialysis Patients: 65,296
  • Dialysis Patients: 14,041
  • TOTAL 75,309 

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

Characteristics of Patients at Time of Detection/Identification of MRSA[2][3]

  • Heart Disease
  • Asthma
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • End-Stage Renal Disease
  • End-Stage Liver Disease
  • Immunocompromised, Non-cancer
  • Solid-Organ Cancer
  • Hematologic Malignancy

Medications[edit | edit source]

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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]

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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]

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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]

MRSA Infection may affect but are not limited to:[4]

  • Bloodstream
  • Lungs
  • Heart
  • Bones
  • Joints

Please refer to the ‘Characteristics/Clinical Presentation’ section for more information on the associated signs and symptoms.

Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

MRSA is not primarily managed by physical therapy. Instead it is the physical therapist’s role to identify comorbidities that are inhibiting functional activity and treat the patient’s symptoms. When treating a patient with MRSA, it’s important for the physical therapist to know proper disinfecting techniques to prevent the spread of the disease. Precautions to be taken when treating a patient with MRSA include but are not limited to:[5][6][7]

  • Buy disinfectants that are registered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  • Note how to properly apply each product, how long it needs to be left on the surface, if the surface needs to be rinsed prior, if it’s only for specific surfaces, etc.
  • Laundering specific clothes, towels and linens separately would be appropriate but not always necessary – wash and dry in the warmest temperate recommended on each piece of linen individually
  • All surfaces ad equipment that came in contact with the patient should be cleaned, sometimes individual equipment for the patient with MRSA may be necessary if equipment cannot be properly cleaned
  • Use barriers between the patient’s skin and surface when possible
  • Physical therapist should wash body parts immediately after making contact with patient’s skin
  • Patient should keep all open wounds clean and covered at all times until healed
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]

Hörner A, Hörner R, Salla A, Nunes M, Garzon L, Rampelotto R et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a premature newborn caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: case report. Sao Paulo Med J. 2015;133(5):450-453.

[[o http://www.scielo.br/pdf/spmj/v133n5/1516-3180-spmj-2013-79400715.pdf%7Chttp://www.scielo.br/pdf/spmj/v133n5/1516-3180-spmj-2013-79400715.pdf]]


Braich P, Aggarwal S, Mukhtar, BA S, Almeida D. Nosocomial keratitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : case report and preventative measures. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2015;5(5).

[[o http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612473/pdf/JCHIMP-5-28769.pdf%7Chttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612473/pdf/JCHIMP-5-28769.pdf]]

Resources[edit | edit source]

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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]

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References[edit | edit source]

see adding references tutorial.

  1. ↑ MRSA Tracking | MRSA | CDC [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2016 [cited 7 April 2016]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/tracking/index.html
  2. ↑ Huang S, Hinrichsen V, Datta R, Spurchise L, Miroshnik I, Nelson K et al. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Hospitalization in High-Risk Patients in the Year following Detection. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(9):e24340.
  3. ↑ Datta R, Huang S. Risk of Infection and Death due to Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Long‐Term Carriers. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2008;47(2):176-181.
  4. ↑ Updated by: Jatin M. Vyas a. MRSA : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Nlm.nih.gov. 2016 [cited 7 April 2016]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007261.htm
  5. ↑ Environmental Cleaning | Community | MRSA | CDC [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2016 [cited 7 April 2016]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/enviroment/index.html
  6. ↑ Cleaning & Disinfecting Athletic Facilities | Environmental Cleaning | Community | MRSA | CDC [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2016 [cited 8 April 2016]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/enviroment/athletic-facilities.html
  7. ↑ Laundry | Environmental Cleaning | Community | MRSA | CDC [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2016 [cited 8 April 2016]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/enviroment/laundry.html
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