Introduction to Neuroanatomy: Difference between revisions
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<u>'''3. Central Nervous System'''</u> | <u>'''3. Central Nervous System'''</u> | ||
<u</u>The CNS consists of the '''spinal cord and brain.''' The spinal cord connect to the brain via the '''brainstem '''which is situated at the base of the brain. This is composed of the medulla, pons, and mid-brain. It is in the brainstem that discrete collections of nuclei are situated for the formation of 10 of the 12 cranial nerves. The brainstem and the '''cerebellum ''' | |||
<br> ''Cerebral Hemispheres of the Brain'' The cerebral hemispheres are composed of 4 major lobes | |||
*Occipital | |||
*Parietal | |||
*Temporal (medial part of which are a series of structures including the Hippocampus) | |||
*Occipital | |||
*Parietal | |||
*Temporal (medial part of which are a series of structures including the Hippocampus) | |||
*Frontal | *Frontal | ||
The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is termed the cerebral cortex. This is inter-connected via pathways that run sub-cortically. It is these connections as well as the connections from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem, spinal cord and nuclei deep within the cerebral hemisphere that form the '''white matter of the cerebral hemishere.''' | The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is termed the cerebral cortex. This is inter-connected via pathways that run sub-cortically. It is these connections as well as the connections from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem, spinal cord and nuclei deep within the cerebral hemisphere that form the '''white matter of the cerebral hemishere.''' | ||
'''The deep nuclei include structures such as the basal ganglia and the thalamus.''' | |||
<br> | |||
[[Image:Brain1.jpg|frame|left|300x200px]][[Image:Brain2.jpg|frame|right]] | [[Image:Brain1.jpg|frame|left|300x200px]][[Image:Brain2.jpg|frame|right|300x200px]] | ||
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Overview of the Nervous System[edit | edit source]
The nervous system can be divided into 3 significant parts.
These are
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
1. Autonomic Nervous System
The ANS's main role is to innervate the internal and glandular organs. The peripheral component is defined in terms of the enteric, sympathetic, and parasympathetic systems.
2. Peripheral Nervous System
The PNS consists of nerve trunks that are formed from both afferent axons which conduct sensory information to the spinal cord, and efferent fibres which transmit impulses primarily to muscles. If these a particular nerve is damaged, then there is resulting weakness to the muscle it supplies as well as sensory loss from the region it conveys information from.
The peripheral nerves connect with the spinal cord through foramina in the vertebra of the spine, or with the brain through foramina in the skull.
3. Central Nervous System
<u</u>The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain. The spinal cord connect to the brain via the brainstem which is situated at the base of the brain. This is composed of the medulla, pons, and mid-brain. It is in the brainstem that discrete collections of nuclei are situated for the formation of 10 of the 12 cranial nerves. The brainstem and the cerebellum
Cerebral Hemispheres of the Brain The cerebral hemispheres are composed of 4 major lobes
- Occipital
- Parietal
- Temporal (medial part of which are a series of structures including the Hippocampus)
- Frontal
The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is termed the cerebral cortex. This is inter-connected via pathways that run sub-cortically. It is these connections as well as the connections from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem, spinal cord and nuclei deep within the cerebral hemisphere that form the white matter of the cerebral hemishere.
The deep nuclei include structures such as the basal ganglia and the thalamus.
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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